Issue 4 / 2026

Inner covers

Article: Design and development of an H-shaped wearable antenna for medical and wireless applications using textile materials

Authors: GURUPRASATH RENGARAJAN, NAGARAJAN RAMALINGAM
Pages: 521–536
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.202543
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
The main goal of this research is to design, develop, and fabricate a small H-stub antenna suitable for contemporary wireless communication systems. The antenna’s 46 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm dimensions make it perfect for uses where weight and size are crucial limitations. By functioning well at 2.5 GHz to 12 GHz frequencies that correspond to important bands in modern wireless technologies, the suggested antenna exhibits triple-mode capability. The antenna employs innovative design techniques, including a parasitic strip and a reconfigurable ground plane slot, to accomplish efficient energy distribution across the antenna, incorporating H-shaped stubs that extend from the ground. Using a thick Teflon, yarns, and FR4 substrate ensures that the antenna meets the needs of modern wireless communication systems and also boosts bandwidth. Despite its small size, the antenna’s adaptability comes from its ability to retain high efficiency and dependability over various frequency bands. Performance tests verify that the antenna can provide broad bandwidth, high radiation efficiency, and steady operation, all of which are in line with the changing needs of next-generation wireless communication. As Internet of Things (IoT) applications proliferate in today’s communication networks, there is an increasing need for tiny antennas. IoT applications widely use microstrip patch antennas due to their compatibility. Because it is designed to function at a frequency of 2.5 GHz to 12 GHz, it may be used for IoT applications. It is designed to be used as an integrated antenna in an IoT device and is composed of a variety of H shapes. The main findings of this study show that, in comparison to a conventional antenna, the optimised shaped antenna enhanced bandwidth, gain, and return loss.
Keywords: H-shaped, textile, gain, return loss, radiation pattern, VSWR

Citation: Rengarajan, G., Ramalingam, N., Design and development of an H-shaped wearable antenna for medical and wireless applications using textile materials, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 521–536,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.202543

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Article: Sustainability, reliability, and safety assessment of microchannel heat sinks in electronic cooling applications: a detailed study with a focus on smart fabrics and wearable electronics

Authors: SANTOSH KUMAR RAI, MAHESH KUMAR GUPTA, GYANENDRA PRASAD BA ARUN UNIYAL, ASHWANI KUMAR, RAMONA BIRAU, IULIANA CARMEN BĂRBĂCIORU, CRISTINA FELICIA IONICI
Pages 537–549 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025147
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
The ongoing miniaturisation of electronics poses significant thermal management challenges due to rising power densities within constrained volumes. This study addresses the critical need for efficient heat dissipation to ensure the sustainability, reliability, and safety of these systems. We present a detailed assessment of microchannel (MICH) heat sinks, a high-performance cooling technology particularly relevant for advanced electronic applications. The core of this work is a comprehensive review and analysis of MICH classifications, fabrication methods, and performance metrics. A primary focus is placed on a sustainability assessment, including the optimisation of material usage, enhancement of energy efficiency, and reduction of the environmental impact of coolants, all of which contribute to a longer product lifecycle. The paper also explores how MICH technology improves system reliability by maintaining components within safe operating temperature ranges, thereby preventing performance degradation and premature failure. We pay special attention to the emerging application of integrating MICH technology into smart fabrics and wearable electronics, a domain where thermal management is a critical and complex challenge. By examining this specific use case, we demonstrate the versatility and potential of MICH heat sinks. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions and innovations necessary for the widespread commercial viability and adoption of MICH-based cooling solutions in both traditional and next-generation electronic devices.
Keywords: smart fabrics, wearable electronics, microchannel, reliability, safety, electronic devices cooling, MEMS

Citation: Rai, S.K., Gupta, M.K., Bagri, G.P., Uniyal, A., Kumar, A., Birau, R., Bărbăcioru, I.C., Ionici, C.F., Sustainability, reliability, and safety assessment of microchannel heat sinks in electronic cooling applications: a detailed study with a focus on smart fabrics and wearable electronics, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 537–549,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025147

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Article: Optimised flexible thermoelectric generators manufactured by metallic threads sewn on fabrics

Authors: ION RAZVAN RADULESCU, DOINA TOMA, ELENA PERDUM, ADRIAN MARIN, LAURENTIU DINCA, RALUCA MARIA AILENI
Pages 550–556 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.202535
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
Autonomous energy harvesting sources in wearables enable supply for sensors, antennas and transmission lines, with powers in the range of mW. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) based on the Seebeck effect are noiseless and have a relatively good energy harvesting efficiency when compared to other sources. Flexible TEGs (F-TEGs) are made of metallic threads and coatings applied on textile substrates that can be integrated into wearable systems. This paper relies on previously manufactured prototypes of T-type and J-type F-TEGs by applying metallic threads onto textile substrates, with the new goal of optimising the harvested voltage, based on a mathematical relation from the scientific literature. This relation yields an optimal ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the n- and p-legs of the F-TEG with respect to their thermic and electric conductivities. The J-type F-TEG was selected for optimisation, and the ratio of the Constantan and Stainless Steel threads was modified from 2:2 to 1:3, according to the mathematical relation. The optimised prototype was designed, manufactured, and measured under the same physical conditions as the initial prototype, yielding better voltage-harvesting values: the slope between temperature difference and harvested voltage increased from 0.0646 to 0.0832.
Keywords: thermocouples, textiles, energy harvesting, wearables

Citation: Radulescu, I.R., Toma, D., Perdum, E., Marin, A., Dinca, L., Aileni, R.M., Optimised flexible thermoelectric generators manufactured by metallic threads sewn on fabrics, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 550–556,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.202535


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Article: Development of high-performance ZnO nanoparticles using Olea europaea leaf extract: potential for multifunctional textile finishing and dye degradation

Authors: NEDRA ABBES, THOURAYA BARHOUMI, SANA FRIDJINE, NEJIB SEJRI, BOUBAKER JAOUACHI, JUN XU, HONGLUAN LIU, IMENE BEKRI-ABBES
Pages 557–565 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025175
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were sustainably synthesised using Olea europaea leaf extract as a high-performance candidate for functional textile finishing. These green-synthesised nanoparticles were compared to conventional chemical ZnO to evaluate their suitability for textile-related applications. SEM analysis revealed that Green ZnO consists of well-defined hexagonal prisms with a primary size of 200–500 nm, providing a high density of active surface sites. The material exhibited a reduced band gap (2.6 eV) and enhanced visible-light absorption attributed to carbon incorporation and induced oxygen vacancies during thermal treatment. These characteristics are particularly advantageous for the development of self-cleaning textiles under natural sunlight. Green ZnO exhibited superior methylene blue adsorption (52 mg/g, 21% higher than chemical ZnO) and achieved 94% photocatalytic degradation within 3 h. The results indicate that these nanoparticles can effectively degrade textile dye effluents and provide selfcleaning properties to treated substrates. Furthermore, antimicrobial testing showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (16 mm) and Candida albicans (28 mm). This eco-friendly, scalable ZnO presents a multifunctional finishing agent capable of providing simultaneous dye removal, self-cleaning, and disinfection, offering a sustainable pathway for the production of smart, bioactive textiles.
Keywords: green ZnO, textile dye, adsorption, antimicrobial, photocatalytic activity

Citation: Abbes, N., Barhoumi, T., Fridjine, S., Sejri, N., Jaouachi, B., Xu, J., Liu, H., Bekri-Abbes, I., Development of high-performance ZnO nanoparticles using Olea europaea leaf extract: potential for multifunctional textile finishing and dye degradation, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 557–565,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025175

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Article: Can digital transformation become a new engine for the development of the textile industry? Evidence from China

Authors: SHICHAO GAO, QIANKAI JIANG
Pages 566–577 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025139
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
At present, China is undergoing a major transition from an industrial economy to a digital economy, particularly as enterprises that demonstrated resilience during the pandemic were predominantly those at the forefront of comprehensive digital transformation and online-offline integration. Recently, Shandong Municipality placed significant emphasis on the transformation and upgrading of its textile industry, which played a crucial role in the digital economy. Based on the contemporary implications of the digital economy and high-quality development, this study selected relevant indicator data from Shandong Province for the period 2014–2023 and constructed a coupling coordination model to measure the coupling coordination level between the two systems. The findings indicated that the coupling coordination development demonstrated a favourable trend, which was conducive to the healthy development of the textile industry. This research aimed to promote the deep integration of the textile industry with the digital economy and create a “strong engine” for high-quality development in the face of new historical opportunities.
Keywords: coupling coordination model, digital economy, entropy method, green development

Citation: Gao, S., Jiang, Q., Can digital transformation become a new engine for the development of the textile industry? Evidence from China, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 566–577,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025139

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Article: Biocomposite filaments reinforced with natural-origin fibres for specialised biomedical applications

Authors: MARIA FELICIA DONDEA, EMILIA VISILEANU, FLORIN MICULESCU, AURA-CĂTĂLINA MOCANU, CIPRIAN PREDA, DANIELA MANOLE
Pages 578–586 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025140
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
In this study, biocomposite filaments based on alginic acid (sodium salt) reinforced with cotton fibres (length of 2 ± 0.5 mm) were developed. The polymeric matrix was prepared using alginic acid at a concentration of 1%, while cotton fibres were incorporated at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The synthesis of biocomposite filaments was carried out using the wet spinning technique employing a mechanically actuated syringe, followed by crosslinking using a 1% calcium chloride solution.
The obtained filaments were initially characterised from morphological and chemical perspectives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The SEM results demonstrated that the obtained alginate filament has a dense, homogeneous structure with certain folds resulting from the wet-spinning process. Additionally, the reinforcement with cotton fibres forms a 3D network within the matrix and significantly modifies the porosity of the alginate filaments. Regarding the chemical composition of the filaments, the EDS analysis revealed that the predominant elements are carbon and oxygen, thus indicating the organic nature of both the alginate matrix and the reinforcing agent. FTIR analysis enabled the identification of the main functional groups corresponding to characteristic absorption bands from the fingerprint region of each precursor material, for all composite materials. Afterwards, the absorption capacity of all filaments, with/without cotton fibres, was tested in physiological serum. The results revealed statistically significant differences as a function of the cotton fibres incorporation ratio, highlighting the impact of composition on the hydrophilic behaviour of the filaments. The development of composite filaments based on alginic acid is a crucial aspect in obtaining innovative hybrid materials characterised by low cost, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These structures can be effectively implemented in various biomedical applications, including controlled and targeted drug delivery, soft tissue engineering, and the development of advanced dressings for wound treatment.
Keywords: alginic acid, hybrid biomaterials, natural fibres reinforced, wound dressings.

Citation: Dondea, M.F., Visileanu, E., Miculescu, F., Mocanu, A.-C., Preda, C., Manole, D., Biocomposite filaments reinforced with natural-origin fibres for specialised biomedical applications, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 578–586,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025140

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Article: Predicting ozone bleaching in denim fabrics with ensemble learning models

Authors: YASIN TAŞTEKİN, GÖKTUĞ YÜCEER, EDA GÖz, MEHMET YÜCEER
Pages 587–593 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025125
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
Ensemble learning models, particularly advanced methods such as LightGBM and CatBoost, were applied to predict and improve the ozone bleaching process of denim fabrics, an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods that reduces water and energy consumption. Complex interactions among variables, including indigo/cotton ratio, sulphur/cotton ratio, moisture content, pH, temperature, and processing time, hinder consistent bleaching results. Although machine learning has been increasingly used to model textile processes, research specifically focused on predicting and optimising ozone bleaching performance in denim fabrics remains limited. To address this gap, we developed predictive models using six techniques (Random Forest, AdaBoost, GBM, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost) to estimate ΔEcmc values. The dataset was split into training (80%) and testing (20%) subsets, and model parameters were optimised via GridSearch. LightGBM provided the best fit in terms of explained variance (R² = 0.9972) with low test error (RMSE = 0.4214), while CatBoost achieved the best test-set generalisation with the lowest error metrics (RMSE = 0.4168 and MAPE = 4.9138%). These results show that ensemble models effectively capture complex interactions in the bleaching process, thereby reducing trial and error. To enhance applicability, the CatBoost model was coupled with a Genetic Algorithm to identify optimal ozone bleaching conditions across four fabric types (CI, CS, CEI, CES), yielding input settings that minimised ΔEcmc and supporting a sustainable, data-driven production approach.
Keywords: ozone bleaching, ensemble learning, optimisation, denim fabrics, machine learning, sustainability

Citation: Taştekin, Y., Yüceer, G., Göz, E., Yüceer, M., Predicting ozone bleaching in denim fabrics with ensemble learning models, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 587–593,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025125

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Article: Natural thermo-insulation panels made from local renewable resources: esparto grass (alfa) and kenaf fibres

Authors: YOSR BEN MLIK, RIADH zOUARI, MOUNIR JAOUADI, RIM HOUIDI, CHAMA FAIDI, EMILIA VISILEANU
Pages 594–599 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2024377
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
This study aims to develop efficient, eco-friendly insulation panels made from abundant local resources from Tunisia. Nonwoven panels were manufactured from kenaf and alfa fibres at different densities, and their air permeability and thermal conductivity were evaluated. A fire-retardant treatment based on natural salt was applied to the fibres, and its influence on the flammability of the resulting nonwoven was assessed. These properties are essential for the use of panels in building thermo-insulation. The thermal conductivity of these panels varies from 0.034 to 0.41 W·m–1·K–1, and kenaf panels present lower thermo-conductivity than alfa panels. These values are comparable to those of polystyrene and rock wool fibre panels. The fire-retardant treatment, based on the use of natural salt, showed its efficiency by improving the behaviour of panels exposed to flame.
Keywords: natural fibres, thermal insulation, kenaf, alfa, thermal conductivity, fire retardancy

Citation: Mlik, Y.B., Zouari, R., Jaouadi, M., Houidi, R., Faidi, C., Visileanu, E., Natural thermo-insulation panels made from local renewable resources: esparto grass (alfa) and kenaf fibres, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 594–599,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2024377

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Article: Examining factors influencing sustainable technology adoption among apparel manufacturers with supportive HR practices

Authors: NUHA AWADH ALJUAID, ABDULRAHMAN AWADH ALJUAID
Pages 600–612 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025159
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
This study examines the influence of supportive HR practices, knowledge of apparel technology, environmental issues, competitor pressure, customer pressure, and regulatory pressure on employee intention to adopt sustainable technology in apparel manufacturing. It also explores the moderating role of government support on the relationship between employee attitude and intention to adopt sustainable technology. Data were collected from employees in apparel manufacturing firms. Findings reveal that these factors explain 74.2% of the variance in employee attitude toward adopting sustainable technology. Additionally, government support and employee attitude account for 30.3% of the variance in employee intention to adopt such technology. Effect size ƒ2 analysis highlights supportive HR practices and knowledge of apparel technology as the most significant predictors of employee attitude. Practically, the study emphasises the importance of knowledge, competitor pressure, and government support in fostering employee confidence and adoption of sustainable technology. The framework is original and schematizes these influencing factors.
Keywords: environmental issues, regulator pressure, competitor pressure, customer pressure, sustainable technology

Citation: Aljuaid, N.A., Aljuaid, A.A., Examining factors influencing sustainable technology adoption among apparel manufacturers with supportive HR practices, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 600–612,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025159

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Article: Modelling and simulation analysis of a direct-drive system for specific motion laws of the heald frame

Authors: QINGYUAN GUO, TAO YANG, SIJIA FU, HONGBIN YU
Pages 613–619 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025112
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
This study presents a modelling and simulation analysis of a direct-drive system for the heald frame in looms, utilising an 11th-order polynomial to achieve smooth, continuous motion with C3 continuity in displacement, velocity, and acceleration. A d-q axis mathematical model based on electromagnetic-mechanical coupling is established, and Clark- Park transformation enables decoupled control of flux and thrust. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink under varying heald frame masses (2.5–10 kg) show linear increases in load force (±3.8 to ±15.2 N), q-axis current (±25 to ±90 mA), and electromagnetic thrust (±7.6 to ±30.3 N), with stable three-phase currents and rapid, overshoot-free response. Results validate the model’s accuracy and the effectiveness of the control strategy, demonstrating excellent dynamic performance, load adaptability, and energy efficiency. The direct-drive system eliminates mechanical transmission losses, offering a foundation for high-precision, green weaving technology.
Keywords: heald frame, direct-drive system, motion control, electromechanical coupling modelling, motion law, electromagnetic thrust

Citation: Guo, Q., Yang, T., Fu, S., Yu, H., Modelling and simulation analysis of a direct-drive system for specific motion laws of the heald frame, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 613–619,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025112

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Article: Window dressing green: how performance aspiration gaps drive symbolic environmental management in the textile value chain

Authors: GUOFU ZHANG, BIHAN XU, DING LI, HAN YAN
Pages 620–633 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025149
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
Addressing the recurring phenomenon of symbolic environmental management in which firms decouple environmental commitments from actual practice, this study analyses the impact of performance aspiration gaps on such strategic behaviours within the textile industry value chain. Based on a sample of listed companies in China’s textile industry value chain from 2015 to 2023, we empirically test these relationships and find that performance aspiration gaps significantly induce symbolic environmental management in firms within the textile industry value chain. Specifically, firms are more likely to engage in high-profile disclosure without substantive implementation when facing performance shortfalls. Furthermore, this effect is time-dependent; the longer the performance aspiration gap, the more significant its impact on symbolic environmental management. Mechanism tests indicate that performance aspiration gaps drive this behaviour by exacerbating financing constraints and intensifying managerial myopia. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the inducement effect of performance aspiration gaps on symbolic environmental management is more pronounced in firms located in regions with lower marketisation levels and weaker environmental regulations, as well as in firms with poorer actual ESG performance. This study contributes to the literature by uncovering the internal micro-mechanisms of environmental decoupling under performance pressure.
Keywords: textile industry value chain, symbolic environmental management, performance aspiration gap, behavioural theory of the firm, gap duration

Citation: Zhang, G., Xu, B., Li, D., Yan, H., Window dressing green: how performance aspiration gaps drive symbolic environmental management in the textile value chain, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 620–633,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025149

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Article: A statistical model for predicting bursting strength of plain knitted fabrics from various fancy yarns

Authors: ZEHRA EVRİM KANAT, NİLGÜN ÖZDİL
Pages 634–641 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.202614
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
Fancy yarns contain certain planned irregularities in their structure in terms of colour and/or texture. The realisation by designers that these structural irregularities can create surface effects and achieve unique looks has led to an increase in research on fancy yarns. By incorporating these yarns, the surface characteristics of fabrics can be altered, resulting in improvements in softness and permeability. However, in addition to these aesthetic elements, the mechanical properties of products made from these yarns are also important. These irregularities in the yarn structure affect the physical properties of the yarn and, consequently, the fabrics made from it. The physical properties of the fabrics are also very important in terms of user satisfaction. This study investigated the prediction of bursting strength of knitted fabrics made from fancy yarns, which affect the properties of the fabrics produced. The research was carried out on plain knitted fabrics produced with four different fancy yarns: boucle, looped, knotted, and slub. The breaking strength and elongation at break of the fancy yarn type, as well as the fabric weight, thickness, elasticity, and stitch density properties, which affect bursting strength, were tested. Regression analysis of bursting strength was performed, and the adjusted R2 value of the resulting model was found to be 0.997.
Keywords: boucle yarns, looped yarns, knotted yarns, slub yarns, bursting strength, dummy variables

Citation: Kanat, Z.E., Özdil, N., A statistical model for predicting bursting strength of plain knitted fabrics from various fancy yarns, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 634–641,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.202614

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Article: Concentrate to compete: the role of equity concentration in textile and garment firms’ global market responsiveness

Authors: XIAOHUI YUAN, KUN BAO
Pages 642–650 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025144
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
As a key sector in China with a large global industrial system and a significant export share, the textile and garment industry faces competition in both high- and low-end markets amid global industrial chain restructuring, making internationalisation both imperative and challenging. This study examines how equity concentration affects the internationalisation of firms in the industry, focusing on the mediating mechanism of internal control optimisation. Results show that equity concentration effectively facilitates firms’ internationalisation by enhancing internal control and boosting management efficiency, while excessively dispersed equity impedes this process: owing to delayed decision-making, reduced operational efficiency, and sluggish responses to the dynamic international market. We verify that equity concentration promotes firms’ internationalisation, and this effect is achieved through improved internal control. The findings underscore the critical role of equity concentration and internal control in driving textile and garment firms’ internationalisation.
Keywords: Yuan, X., Bao, K., Concentrate to compete: the role of equity concentration in textile and garment firms’ global market responsiveness, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 642–650,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025144

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Article: Development and fitting evaluation of a new method for preparing women’s pants patterns by using direct body measurements

Author: EMİNE UTKUN AKTENER
Pages 651–660 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.2025132
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
Clothing is an integral part of human life. Clothing fit is one of the important, critical, complex, and dynamic factors considered by users to evaluate the garment quality and to make purchasing decisions. Therefore, one of the most important stages in garment manufacturing is the accurate preparation of the garment pattern. This study aims to examine a system proposed as an alternative to the most commonly used pattern-making methods globally, introduce it to industry, and contribute to its development. The patterns are prepared based on individual body measurements. In this study, women’s basic pants were examined in practice. The fit of the clothing patterns made in this study was analysed using CLO 3D software. First, virtual avatars were created to simulate the wearers of the pants; then, these avatars were made to perform not only static poses but also 5 different dynamic movements (walking, running, sitting, climbing stairs, and kneeling) in order to evaluate the patterns. The results of the study indicate that this pattern system is brief, practical, and easily comprehensible by everyone, and also yields successful outcomes in terms of clothing fit.
Keywords: clothing fitting, pattern design, women’s pants, virtual try-on, dynamic fit

Citation: Aktener, E.U., Development and fitting evaluation of a new method for preparing women’s pants patterns by using direct body measurements, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 651–660,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.2025132

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Article: Mechanical performance of woven fabrics made from virgin, semi-recycled, and fully recycled cotton/polyester yarns after natural weathering

Author: ELIF YILMAZ
Pages 661–668 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.077.04.20263
Published online: August 2026

Abstract
Global warming and environmental pollution, which are the main problems of today’s daily life, make the issue of sustainability increasingly important. Increasing UV radiation and climate change driven by global warming significantly affect the performance and lifespan of textile products, especially for outdoor use. In addition, sustainability research in the textile sector is increasingly focusing on the recycling of pre- and post-consumer textile waste and the use of fibres recycled from these wastes in yarn and fabric production. However, more scientific data is needed to determine the long-term resistance of textile products produced from recycled materials to environmental conditions. In this context, revealing the effects of natural weathering on the mechanical properties of textile fabrics by comparing them with fabrics produced from virgin fibres is very important in terms of both correct material selection and optimum product life. This study investigated and compared the mechanical performance of outdoor upholstery fabrics made from fully and semi-recycled cotton/polyester blended yarns, as well as virgin cotton/polyester blended yarns, which were exposed to natural weathering for three months in summer and three months in autumn. The results showed that virgin fabrics maintain their mechanical properties more effectively under natural weathering conditions, while semi-recycled fabrics exhibit acceptable mechanical performance comparable to virgin fabrics. These findings highlight their strong potential as a promising sustainable alternative for outdoor textile applications.
Keywords: recycled cotton, recycled polyester, virgin and recycled blended yarns, woven upholstery fabric, tensile strength, natural weathering

Citation: Yilmaz, E., Mechanical performance of woven fabrics made from virgin, semi-recycled, and fully recycled cotton/polyester yarns after natural weathering, In: Industria Textila, 2026, 77, 4, 661–668,   https://doi.org/10.35530/IT.077.04.20263

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