Issue 4 / 2021
Inner covers
Article: An event-related potential study on the aesthetics of colour matching on silk fabric
Authors: KAIWEI NIE, RUN WEN, HUANPING MO, XIAOXIA ZHANG, ZHONG WANG, GUOHE WANG
Pages: 349–356
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1801
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
In this work, cognitive behaviour and electroencephalography (EEG) of 16 subjects applied colour matching and contrast
colour matching to silk fabrics had been measured. The results showed that, the exogenous components P1 (100 ms)
and P2 (200 ms) were mainly produced in the frontal, temporal, apical, and occipital regions, while the endogenous
component P3 (300 ms) was mainly produced in the front-top area, the front-central area, the central-top area, and the
top-pillow area. Regarding P1, the information transmission speed was faster than contrasting colours with matching
process. Regarding P2, external and internal factors and their interactions significantly affected amplitude, whereas only
interactions affected latency, and the interaction was stronger with colour matching. Regarding P3, colour matching type,
involved brain area, and interactions had no significant effect on amplitude and latency. The information processing of
same colour system in brain has shorter information processing time and faster information transmission. That indicated
the EEG technology could provide objective visual cognitive aesthetic rules for silk fabric colour matching, and provide
reference value for fabric manufacturers to timely understand consumers’ preference for fabric colour categories.
Keywords: silk fabric, colour matching, EEG technology, visual cognition, aesthetic law
Citation: Nie, K., Wen, R., Mo, H., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., Wang, G., An event-related potential study on the aesthetics of colour matching on silk fabric, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 349–356, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1801
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Article: Evaluation of jobs in textile companies from Hidalgo-Mexico, through an instrument for job satisfaction
Authors: TIRSO JAVIER HERNÁNDEZ-GRACIA, DANAE DUANA-AVILA
Pages 357-360
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.202025
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
In the Mexican textile industries, State of Hidalgo’s especially, conditions as high temperatures, the handling of chemical
substances, high noise and vibration levels, humidity, dust and others, continuously exposes workers to associated
risks. Diagnosing and proposing improvements by working conditions assessments are not easy to perform, especially
if this is not an essential item in the culture of those responsible for carrying them out neither have honest opinions of
employees about problems or risks during work hours, without posing a threat to their current labour status. This study
aims to assess 420 worker’s job post, using an occupational satisfaction instrument finding the lowest rankings in ironing
area.
Keywords: job evaluation, job satisfaction, company, industrial sector, work area
Citation: Hernández-Gracia, T.J., Duana-Avila, D., Evaluation of jobs in textile companies from Hidalgo-Mexico, through an instrument for job satisfaction, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 357–360, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.202025
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Article: Analysis of heat transfer and factors affecting the thermal properties on rib 1x1 knitwear
Authors: MARIJA PEŠIĆ, VASILIJE PETROVIĆ, NENAD ĆIRKOVIĆ, JOVANA STEPANOVIĆ
Pages 361-367
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1802
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
Clothing comfort is very important feature which is considered as a result of different process of heat exchange between
human body, clothing and environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of clothing insulation on the
heat transfer. The measurements were carried out on commercially 1x1 RIB knitted fabrics used for the production of
next-to-skin shirts. The one group of samples are made from 100% cotton yarn and another with 96% cotton and 4%
lycra. It is noticed that knitted material composition affected the change in heat resistance. Also, this paper presents and
verifies the correlation between the measured values of thermal resistance (Rct) and the knitwear thickness (dpl), the
covering factor (K), the porosity of the twists (ε) and the surface coefficient (δp). Based on these results, a mathematical
model for calculating thermal resistance is proposed. Comparing the results obtained with the proposed equation
and the measured results, we can see that the deviations are minimal. The highest deviation for sample C4 is 0.05%,
while the largest deviation for sample CL4 is 4.6%.
Keywords: RIB knitwear, heat transfer, thermal resistance, porosity, tightness factor, surface coefficient
Citation: Pešić, M., Petrović, V., Ćirković, N., Stepanović, J., Analysis of heat transfer and factors affecting the thermal properties on rib 1x1 knitwear, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 361–367, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1802
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Article: Effects of wetting and compression/recovering time on the compressional behaviour of sanitary napkin layers
Author: SUKRAN KARA
Pages 368-377
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1795
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
Sanitary napkins are technical textile products which are used by women. They are designed as layered structures to
fulfil several end–use properties at the same time. One of the most important properties of sanitary napkins is absorption
property and this is widely studied in the literature. On the other hand, formability and sensorial comfort of sanitary
napkins are of great importance but they are ignored during scientific researches. During daily life, women sit or sleep
for certain time intervals and their sanitary napkins are exposed to compressional forces. If the sanitary napkin will
squeeze and not recover, this can result with poor sensorial comfort and low formability. Also, wetting of sanitary napkins
during usage can worsen the compressional properties. Therefore in this study, effect of wetting and
compression/recovering time on the compressional behaviours of sanitary napkins was evaluated. Study was focused
on separate sanitary napkin layers in order to detect the most problematic layers. Two compression times and four
recovering times were applied to samples for compression tests. Also, sanitary napkin layers were characterised by
scanning electron microscopy, unit mass, thickness and bending measurements. According to results, top sheet layer
was the most compressible layer in dry and wet states. This is expected to give a soft and resilience sense to the
sanitary napkin. Absorbent layer was responsible for low compressibility of sanitary napkins under different
compression/recovering times. Bending rigidity of absorbent layer was the highest in dry state but it exhibited a dramatic
decrement after wetting.
Keywords: sanitary napkin layers, dry compressibility, wet compressibility, thickness loss, compression-recovery time, bending behaviour
Citation: Kara, S., Effects of wetting and compression/recovering time on the compressional
behaviour of sanitary napkin layers, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 368–377, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1795
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Article: Analysing competitiveness of Denizli home textile sector
Authors: SENEM PAK, TURAN ATILGAN, SEHER KANAT
Pages 378-387
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1805
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
Turkey, which is the biggest home textile supplier for European Union, is the fourth biggest home textile supplier of the
world. Besides, Denizli province is the place where this sector is clustered and strongly operated in Turkey. Therefore,
Denizli home textile sector is a structure, which explicitly and accurately represents Turkish home textile sector. In this
context, this research aims to analyse the competitiveness of Denizli home textile sector, which substantially contributes
to Turkish textile and clothing sector. In accordance with the aim of the research, the competitiveness of Denizli home
textile sector is analysed by using Porter’s diamond model. According to the obtained results, competitiveness of Denizli
home textile sector is determined as high.
Keywords: home textiles, Denizli home textile sector, Porter’s diamond model, competitiveness
Citation: Pak, S., Atilgan, T., Kanat, S., Analysing competitiveness of Denizli home textile sector, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 378–387, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1805
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Article: The effect of service marketing mix elements and customer retention towards clothing store brands in China
Authors: BESTOON OTHMAN, HE WEIJUN, ZHENGWEI HUANG, WIRYA NAJM RASHID, JING XI, FANG YUAN
Pages 388-397
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1777
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to analyse the impact of service marketing mix (promotion, price, place, product, people,
process, physical evidence and after sale service) on customer retention towards clothing store brands in China. Based
on the analysis of past literature, it appeared that there were only few studies examining the empirical relation between
the two constructs, particularly in the clothing sector in China. A comprehensive survey approach was used to collect
data from a total of 385 customers visiting clothing stores in the middle part of China (Hubei). SPSS and PLS were used
to analyse the obtained data. The findings showed that there were significant positive effects on customer retention in
all dimensions of the service marketing mix. Finally, the findings suggested that after-sales service plays an important
role in impacting the retention of customers. The contribution of this research was supporting the significance
relationship of the marketing mix elements in influencing the retention of customers in the clothing industry with empirical
data from China.
Keywords: product, after sale service, price, physical evidence, process, clothing industry
Citation: Othman, B., Weijun, H., Huang, Z., Rashid, W.N., Xi, J., Yuan, F, The effect of service marketing mix elements and customer retention towards clothing store brands in China, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 388–397, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1777
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Article: Analysing portfolio diversification opportunities in selected stock markets of North and South America and their impact on the textile sector: An empirical case study
Authors: RAMONA BIRAU, CRISTI SPULBAR, AJMAL HAMZA, EJAZ ABDULLAH, ELENA LOREDANA MINEA, ALI IMRAN ZULFIQAR, MIHAI OVIDIU CERCEL
Pages 398-407
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1808
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
This empirical study investigates the financial integration linkages among the sample stock markets of Canada, Mexico,
United States (for both New York Stock Exchange, i.e. NYSE and NASDAQ), Panama, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Venezuela,
Jamaica, Trinidad, and Tobago during the period from January 2001 to April 2019. This research study also examines
the impact of selected stock market dynamics on the textile sector. International portfolio diversification has been an
important subject of research in financial fraternity since the emergence of Modern Portfolio Theory in 1952. This study
examines the portfolio diversification opportunities in the 11 stock markets of Americas.International diversification
among stock market indices has proven to be fruitful in the past. Certain tests have been used to determine opportunities
for diversification are correlation test, pairwise co-integration test, multiple co-integration test and granger causality test.
The empirical results show that stock market indices share low correlation among other and they are not highly
co-integrated whereas results of Granger causality test exhibit an unidirectional relationship among few stock markets
in short run.
Keywords: portfolio diversification strategy, co-integration, textile industry, Granger causality test, correlation coefficient, modern portfolio theory
Citation: Birau, R., Spulbar, C., Hamza, A., Abdullah, E., Minea, E.L., Zulfiqar, A.I., Cercel, M.O., Analysing portfolio diversification opportunities in selected stock markets of North and South America and their impact on the textile sector: An empirical case study, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 398–407, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1808
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Article: Enhancement of muscle’s activity by woven compression bandages
Authors: ABDELHAMID R.R. ABOALASAAD, BRIGITA K. SIRKOVÁ, GOZDE GONCU-BERK
Pages 408-417
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1789
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) test, the recording of electrical activity in muscle, is a main tool usually used to evaluate the
muscle’s activation. This study aims to discuss and analyse the effect of woven compression bandage (WCB) on
muscles’ activation. Flexor Carpi (FC), Soleus (SO), and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were selected to
represent the wrist, ankle, and mid-calf muscles respectively, which were then evaluated by EMG electrical voltage test
with and without wearing WCB. The standardized activities used to test the FC muscle were flexion-extension and
squeezing a soft roll. While the protocol activities for MG and SO muscles were flexion-extension and walking actions.
Wearing WCB significantly decreased the muscle’s activation and was associated with higher median frequency for both
SO and MG muscles during the tested activities. The EMG signals were analysed and filtered using MegaWin and
MATLAB software. Root mean square (RMS) values confirmed that wearing WCB could improve the performance of FC,
SO, and MG muscles and might reduce the muscle’s fatigue during the selected activities.
Keywords: Electromyography test, woven compression bandages, muscle activation, MegaWin and MATLAB software
Citation: Aboalasaad, A.R.R., Sirková, B.K., Goncu-Berk, G., Enhancement of muscle’s activity by woven compression bandages, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 408–417, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1789
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Article: The comparison of classical weaving and laser technology in denim fabric’s design
Authors: BEFRU R. BÜYÜKBAYRAKTAR, GÜLCAN ERCIVAN BATUR
Pages 418-425
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1790
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
Denim fabrics became a preferred product by many people, because of especially being a symbol of comfort. In this
study, the aesthetic and physical design of denim fabrics were carried out. It was aimed to compare the surface designs
and structural parameters of denim fabrics obtained by weaving and laser technologies. Besides the design steps of
weaving and laser technologies were explained and compared. Twelve denim fabrics having different surface designs
were obtained with the intersection of indigo dyed warp and non-dyed weft yarns based on the theme of “contrast” by
using derivatives of twill weave. Besides, these surface patterns were applied to classical denim fabrics by laser
technology. The surface properties of denim fabrics produced by weaving technology were different for each surface
designs because of different floatings. However, weaving is a time-consuming method and the design steps are more
complicated. On the other hand, surface patterns of fabrics obtained by laser technology were found similar to woven
ones and it had advantages as having greater design capacity, being a simpler, faster and eco-friendly method.
Keywords: denim fabric, design, laser technology, weaving
Citation: Büyükbayraktar, B.R., Batur, G.E., The comparison of classical weaving and laser technology in denim fabric’s design, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 418–425, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1790
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Article: Information technology integration and the competitiveness of textile industry in China
Authors: HUA YUAN, XUEWEI JIANG, HUI TAO, JUNJIE ZHANG
Pages 426-433
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1715
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
The aim of study is to analyse the relationship between the competitiveness and integration of Information technology
(IT) into textile industry. This research has constructed a theoretical framework to explore how the textile industry
integrating IT can improve the competitiveness. A regression model was established for analysing the relationship
between them by using the data of textile industry in China from 2004 to 2015. The empirical results revealed that the
integration of textile industry and IT industry not only enhanced the temporary competitiveness but also contributed to
the sustainable competitiveness of the textile industry. Thus, the findings suggest that the textile industry integrated with
IT industry will promote competitiveness of China’s textile industry and it will be new trend of industrial development.
Keywords: textile industry, information industry, industrial integration, coupling coordination degree, competitiveness
Citation: Yuan, H., Jiang, X., Tao, H., Zhang, J., Information technology integration and the competitiveness of textile industry in China, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 426–433, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1715
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Article: Study on soil burial biodegradation behaviour on polylactic acid nonwoven material as a replacement for petroleum agricultural plastics
Authors: CRISTINA ELENA STROE, TEODOR SÂRBU, VASILICA MANEA, FLOAREA BURNICHI, DUMITRU MITEL TOMA, CĂTĂLINA TUDORA
Pages 434-442
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1847
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
Currently, the issues related to environmental pollution with plastics are a major concern. Agriculture is a vital area for
human existence, but it generates large amounts of plastic waste. These result from agricultural practices that use
systems and support materials which help facilitate the work of farmers and offer a better yield of production and quality
of crops, in relation to the smaller areas of agricultural land. An alternative can be the use of sustainable textiles that
can bring multiple benefits to the agricultural sector, including: pollution reduction, biodegradation potential, reduced
consumption of agricultural inputs like pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers and water, high retention potential for water and
good ventilation, increased productivity and quality for the agricultural crops, etc.
First of all, this paper discusses the potential use of bio-based and eco-friendly polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA),
in the form of fibres for the production of non-woven textile structures that can be used as a support element in
agricultural practices and for the replacement of conventional plastics obtained from oil resources. Secondly, considering
the advantage of the biodegradation property of this material, the durability and the influence of the location depth in a
degrading natural environment such as soil, were the target of experiments to highlight the positive aspects of polylactic
acid use in the context of the circular economy. To demonstrate the proposed objectives, different physico-mechanical
analyses were performed to determine the morphological characteristics of the fibres, the tensile strength, the material
thickness and the possible loss of mass due to microbial activity.
Keywords: agro-plastics, polylactic acid fibres, mulching material, biodegradability, life expectancy, waste reduction
Citation: Stroe, C.E., Sârbu, T., Manea, V., Burnichi, F., Toma, D.M., Tudora, C., Study on soil burial biodegradation behaviour on polylactic acid nonwoven material as a replacement for petroleum agricultural plastics, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 434–442, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1847
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Article: Agglomeration and total factor productivity of China’s textile industry
Authors: ZHANG JIANLEI, AN NA, CHENG LONGDI
Pages 443-448
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.202013
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
Agglomeration is an important characteristic in China’s textile industry development. But regional textile industry is
seriously unbalanced, only eastern location entropy (LQ) is greater than 1 and is the highest of all, followed by the
central, western and north-eastern regions. Total factor productivity (TFP) is an important indicator to measure the
economic growth efficiency. The average annual growth rate (AAGR) of eastern textile industry TFP is the least and
central TFP growth rate is the fastest. In order to investigate the relationship between agglomeration and TFP of China’s
textile industry, especially at region level, this paper applies panel model to study how agglomeration influences TFP
during 2005–2018. The results show that increasing agglomeration degree restrains the TFP growth of China’s textile
industry. The coefficients of LQ on textile industry in China and four regions are all negative. There exists crowded effect
in eastern textile industry. It has not formed the significant agglomeration effect in western and north-eastern textile
industry for very low agglomeration degree. So it implies that eastern textile industry can accelerate the implementation
of industrial transfer and structural adjustment to lower agglomeration and maintain sustained profitability of textile
enterprises. Western textile industry can strengthen agglomeration by undertaking industrial transfer from eastern region
to form agglomeration effect to promote TFP growth.
Keywords: industrial agglomeration, location entropy, total factor productivity, DEA-Malmquist method, crowded effect
Citation: Jianlei, Z., Na, A., Longdi, C., Agglomeration and total factor productivity of China’s textile industry, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 443–448, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.202013
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Article: Design of a small-scale UAV textile wing fluid-structure numerical modelling
Authors: ADRIAN SALISTEAN, DOINA TOMA, IONELA BADEA, MIHAELA JOMIR
Pages 449–453
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1844
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
This paper depicts the early phase in the research development for an integrated UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)
support system tailored for emergency response actions and remote sensing. The support system is envisioned as an
integrated Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) system that consists of one or more ultralight multifunctional aerial units with
a configuration that can be adapted to the nature of the intervention: monitoring, mapping, observation, logistics etc.
These aerial units comprise of para-motor type UAVs that use textile paraglider wings of a special design.
The overall development and theoretical design aspects that are involved in this research is subject of change been part
of an ongoing research study. Starting from wing airfoil and material selection, a design phase is under development for
a single sail paraglider wing that can meet the operational demands for the envisioned system. The wing is designed
mainly to have an easy handling, predictable deployment at all times and good aerodynamic characteristics. The paper
tackles in particular the stretch effect on the wing and the influence on these aerodynamic characteristics as well as
means of minimizing the adverse effects.
Keywords: Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), parachute, paraglider, SingleSkin sail, technical textiles
Citation: Salistean, A., Toma, D., Badea, I., Jomir, M., Design of a small-scale UAV textile wing fluid-structure numerical modelling, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 449–453, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1844
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Article: Optimising the amount of base material used for manufacturing garments with creases, during their design stage
Authors: MANUELA AVĂDANEI, ANTONELA CURTEZA, CARMEN BLEJAN, IONUȚ DULGHERIU, EMIL CONSTANTIN LOGHIN, DORIN IONESI, CEZAR-DORU RADU
Pages 454–459
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1845
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
The clothing and fashion industry is known as a wasteful industry. Despite its target, producing fashionable and beautiful
items to fulfil the needs of different consumer categories consumes a considerable quantity of raw materials, energy,
water, labour force, etc. Every year, natural resources become more limited, hard to find and expensive; in these terms,
the producers are forced to find either alternative solutions to replace as much as they can the needed primary raw
materials or to try to maximise their use (which means to reduce the quantity of waste) or to use the waste to produce
other things. The consumption of raw materials is determined during the development stage of the new model: the
designer analyses the sketch of the selected model, then establishes and applies the needed steps to design the model
pieces, creates the 3D virtual or supervises the manufacturing process of the physical prototype to verify the design
solution, applies changes after analysing the prototype if it is necessary, obtains the production patterns and then he/she
is doing the markers to determine the consumption of raw materials for one item and the whole order. Garment models
with creases, pleats or folds are the most challenging ones because the designer has to have the ability to understand
and to evaluate the shadows or the number of grouped lines of the model into values of distances or angles, to be used
to change the element surface for their realisation. In these cases, it is essential to balance what the model requires and
the needed amount of raw materials to produce it. This paper proposes some variants of how to resize the surfaces of
the elements for designing creases but with an optimal raw material consumption level. The results are based on the
analysis of different men jacket models’, with straight silhouette and creases between the hemline and its hem band.
Keywords: optimised consumption, element surface, depth creases, pattern modelling
Citation: Avădanei, M., Curteza, A., Blejan, C., Dulgheriu, I., Loghin, E.C., Ionesi, D., Radu, C.-D., Optimising the amount of base material used for manufacturing garments with creases, during their design stage, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 454–459, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1845
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Article: Comparative analysis of superabsorbent properties of PVP and PAA nanofibres
Authors: BUKET GÜLER, FUNDA CENGİZ ÇALLIOĞLU
Pages 460–466
DOI: 10.35530/IT.072.04.1806
Published online: August 2021
Abstract
This study presents the comparative analysis of production, characterization and absorption properties of
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Polyacrylic acid (PAA) nanofibres. Firstly, optimization studies about polymer (PVP and
PAA), superabsorbent additive (waterlock)(WL) and crosslinker agent (sodium persulfate and glutaraldehyde)
concentrations were achieved. Then solution properties such as conductivity, surface tension and viscosity were
determined. Electrospinning was carried out under the optimum process parameters (voltage, distance between the
electrodes, solution feed rate etc.) to obtain superabsorbent nanofibrous surfaces. Surface and fibre morphologies were
analysed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and thickness of nanoweb and weight in grams of nanofibres were
also measured. Lastly, optimized PVP and PAA nanofibres were compared in terms of absorption properties with water
and synthetic urine with various times from 5 to 86400 seconds. According to the results, generally fine, smooth and
uniform nanofibres were obtained. It was observed that the solution viscosity, conductivity, and average fibre diameter
increase with waterlock (WL) and cross-linker additions while surface tension was not change. In addition, PAA
nanofibres’ absorption capacity with water and synthetic urine was higher than PVP nanofibres, while PVP nanofibres’
absorption rate is higher. It is possible to say that electrospun nanofibrous surfaces that are ultra-thin, light, porous and
with high specific surface area to volume ratio are promising for new superabsorbent materials.
Keywords: polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, electrospinning, nanofibres, superabsorbent
Citation: Güler, B., Çallioğlu, F.G., Comparative analysis of superabsorbent properties of PVP and PAA nanofibers, In: Industria Textila, 2021, 72, 4, 460–466, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.072.04.1806
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