Issue 3 / 2019 
Article: Life cycle assessment of the electroconductive textiles functionalized by advanced technologies (plasma) and metallic micro/nanoparticles deposition
Authors: RALUCA MARIA AILENI, RAZVAN ION RADULESCU, LAURA CHIRIAC, LILIOARA SURDU
Pages: 205-210
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1476
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
This paper presents aspects concerning the life cycle assessment of the electroconductive textile functionalized by advanced RF plasma technology based on argon and oxygen gases and deposition of the metallic micro/nanoparticles. In order to obtain the textiles with electroconductive properties, the preliminary plan consisted functionalization of the textiles by using RF plasma technology based on argon and oxygen gases and processes for micro/nanoparticles deposition suchas foulard, direct printing, and thin film position. It was analyzed the life-cycle inventory (LCI) and was provided the studyfor life-cycle assessment (LCA) using SimaPro software and Eco-indicator 99. In order to obtain the LCI, we used to input and output technical data, from the plasma process, and the SimaPro software for generating the LCI and LCA. The input data about raw material, energy, chemical substances, have been collected by direct measurements on machinery, device log, and specifications of the equipment (technical books) and processes. The output data was obtained using SimaProsoftware connected to internet-specific databases. The purpose of our research has been to study the life cycle assessment of the electroconductive textiles functionalized by RF plasma technology in comparison with classical functionalization treatments.
Keywords: plasma technology, microwave, microparticles, electroconductive, LCA, textile
Citation: Aileni, R.M., Radulescu, R.I., Chiriac, L., Surdu, L., Life cycle assessment of the electroconductive textiles functionalized by advanced technologies (plasma) and metallic micro/nanoparticles deposition, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 205-210, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1476
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Article: Investigation of various factors affecting the coefficient of friction of yarn by using Taguchi method
Authors: MOHSIN MUHAMMAD, NAI-WEN LI, AUNJAM SOHAIL MUHAMMAD, MAJEED KASHIF MUHAMMAD
Pages 211-215
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1555
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
This research aims to analyze certain effects of yarn characteristics such as: cotton type, yarn quality, yarn spinning technique, yarn twist and linear density and yarn finish on coefficient of friction of yarn by using Taguchi approach. For evaluation of levels and response factors, 72 experiments are performed by using L36 orthogonal design twice for Taguchi approach. The results show that yarns comprising of finer fibers, combed, waxed, Rotor spun, optimum twist and low linear density have lowest coefficient of friction of yarn, which ultimately improves subsequent textile processes and improve product qualities.
Keywords: Coefficient of friction, L36 orthogonal design, linear density, Taguchi approach, yarn
Citation: Muhammad, M., Li, N.-W., Muhammad, S.A., Muhammad, K.M., Investigation of various factors affecting the coefficient of friction of yarn by using Taguchi method, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 211-215, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1555
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Article: Effects of waste cotton usage on properties of OE-rotor yarns and knitted fabric
Authors: MUSA KILIC, GONCA BALCI KILIC, EFLATUN TIRYAKI, H. KÜBRA KAYNAK, MURAT DEMIR
Pages 216-222
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1560
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
The use of recycled materials has gained massive importance in textile sector as well as in other sectors as the effects of reduction of natural sources are felt all over the world. In this study, it was aimed to analyse the effects of recycled cotton usage on properties of OE-rotor spun yarns and knitted fabrics produced from these yarns. For this purpose, OE-rotoryarns were produced at different proportion levels of virgin cotton and waste cotton that derived from blowroom 25%, 50%,75%,100%, respectively. For better assessment, properties of OE-rotor yarns that contain waste cotton were compared with 100% virgin cotton OE rotor yarn. Physical, structural and mechanical properties such as unevenness, imperfections,hairiness, breaking force, elongation, yarn-to-yarn friction, yarn-to-metal friction and yarn-to-ceramic friction were measured by Uster Tester 4 SX, Uster Zweigle Hairiness Tester 5, Uster Tensorapid 3 and CTT by Lawson Hemphill. Atthe second part of the study, single-jersey knitted fabrics were produced from OE-rotor spun yarns. Effects of waste cotton proportion on knitted fabric properties such as pilling, abrasion resistance, bursting strength and air permeability were also evaluated. Results showed that, the use of up to 75% per cent of waste cotton blended yarns show no statistically significant differences on yarn and fabric properties.
Keywords: recycled cotton, waste cotton, OE-rotor spinning, blended yarns, sustainable production process
Citation: Kilic, M., Kaynak, H.K., Kilic, G.B., Demir, M., Tiryaki, E., Effects of waste cotton usage on properties of OE-rotor yarns and knitted fabrics, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 216-222, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1560
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Article: Aspects of the hydrophobic effect sustainability obtained in plasma for cotton fabrics
Authors: RALUCA MARIA AILENI, LAURA CHIRIAC, SILVIA ALBICI, ADRIANA SUBTIRICA, LAURENTIU CRISTIAN DINCA
Pages 223-228
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1475
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
This paper presents several aspects concerning the life cycle assessment (LCA) for 100% cotton fabric treated with different types of Fluor compounds using RF plasma technology and foulard technology, in order to obtain the hydrophobic effect. To highlight the effects obtained by RF (radio frequency) plasma technology was conducted in parallel a study about hydrophobic effect obtained using a dispersion of fluorine compound (NUVA TTC) on foulard. The conclusions of the study were that if we use the plasma treatment for hydrophobic effect then this would influence the environment negatively by warming generated by gases and power consumption, when using the foulard method and chemical substances already established, the impact would consist of increasing the consumption of fossil flues, respiratory in organics, and climate change. We analyzed the life-cycle inventory (LCI) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) using SimaPro software andEco-indicator 99. For obtaining the LCI, we used to input and output technical data, from the plasma / foulard process, and the SimaPro software for generating the LCA based on these data. The input data about raw material, energy, chemical substances, have been collected by direct measurements on machinery, device logs and specifications of the equipment(technical books) and processes. The output data (waste energy and chemicals) were obtained using statistics, internet databases, and SimaPro software. The objective of our scientific initiative has been to study the sustainability of the RF plasma technology used for hydrophobization, and we obtained that plasma technology used for hydrophobic effect isless eco-friendly than foulard technology for a functional unit of 1 kg treated material.
Keywords: textile, RF plasma, hydrophobization, LCA, LCI, environment
Citation: Aileni, R.M., Chiriac, L., Subtirica, A., Albici, S., Dinca, L.C., Aspects of the hydrophobic effect sustainability obtained in plasma for cotton fabrics, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 223-228, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1475
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Article: Preparation of PDO mesh and research on its fabrication parameters
Authors: YAO LU, SI CHEN, NAN-NAN LI, CHAO GUO, BIN HU, YOU-KAI CHEN, SHUANG-LIN ZHOU
Pages 229-235
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1544
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
Using prosthesis to replace weaken tissues or fascia in pelvic is accepted by more people in present medicine field. PDO is also considered to be an ideal degradable material such as PP, which was the most popular used type in medical area. The paper prepared macro-porous structure PDO meshes using an armor plate model of square-pore structure and raw material of PDO monofilaments. Fabrication parameters including monofilament diameter, pore size, pore shape were discussed based on a suitable mechanical properties of PDO meshes. The optimal fabrication processes were obtained after then. The results revealed that PDO mono filaments of 0.23 mm diameter could make mesh to own moderate weight,thickness and tensile strength, as well as the largest suture pulling out force. Square-pore shape strengthened mesh tensile force, maintaining larger suture pulling out force especially compared to that of rhombus-pore shape. As for poresize, PDO mesh with 5 mm pores had larger strength, also satisfying requirement of mesh’s lightweight. In vitro degradation of PDO mesh was measured using 3 different diameter monofilaments. All samples were significantly degraded only after 10 weeks, with weight loss rate reaching to about 30% after 16 weeks. Finally, PDO mesh was assessed to have an obvious lightweight advantage, but low strength risk by comparison to several commercial mesh products.
Keywords: medical mesh, PDO, fabrication parameter, mechanical property
Citation: Lu, Y., Chen, S., Li, N.-N., Guo, C., Hu, B., Chen, Y., Zhou, S.-L., Preparation of PDO mesh and research on its fabrication parameters, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 229-235, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1544
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Article: Properties of cotton and leather materials treated with new hybrid SiO2/TiO2/poly(2,2’-bithiophene) nanocomposites
Authors: LAURA CHIRILA, CARMEN GAIDAU, MALVINA STROE, MIHAELA BAIBARAC, MARIA STANCA, DENISA MARIA RĂDULESCU, DIANA ELENA RĂDULESCU, COSMIN-ANDREI ALEXE
Pages 236-241
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1634
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of new hybrid composites of TiO2 or SiO2 nanoparticles with poly(2,2’-bithiophene) on 50% cotton/50% polyester fabric and sheep skin leather surface properties. The dispersion-based newlymade nanocomposites were analyzed to determine conductivity, particle size, polydispersity and Zeta potential. The finished textile and leather materials were characterized in terms of functionalization treatments performance by: surface resistivity, water contact behaviour, physical-mechanical characteristics and photocatalytic properties. SEM analysis wasused to investigate the distribution of nanoparticles on the textile and leather materials surface. Textile materials treatedwith SiO2/poly(2,2’-bithiophene) nanocomposite with concentration 98 wt% nanoparticles of SiO2 and leather treated withpoly SiO2/poly(2,2’-bithiophene) nanocomposite with concentration of 95 wt% nanoparticles of SiO2 showed lower resistivity values, confirming the conductive properties of silica. The higher photodegradation efficiency of functionalized materials has been obtained for textile material treated with poly TiO2/(2,2’-bithiophene)with concentration of 95 wt% nanoparticles of TiO2 and for leather material treated with TiO2/poly(2,2’-bithiophene) with concentration of 98 wt% nanoparticles of TiO2, respectively.
Keywords: hybrid nanocomposite, TiO2/SiO2/poly(2,2’-bithiophene) nanocomposites, surface resistivity, photocatalytic properties, 50% cotton/50% polyester fabric, leather surface
Citation: Chirila, L., Gaidau, C., Stroe, M., Baibarac, M., Stanca, M., Rădulescu, D.M., Rădulescu, D.E., Alexe, C.-A., Properties of textile and leather materials treated with new hybrid SiO2/TiO2/poly(2,2’-bithiophene) nanocomposites, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 236-241, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1634
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Article: The use of collagen-coated polypropylene meshes for nasal reconstructive surgery
Authors: MIHAI-ALEXANDRU PĂUN, ADRIAN FRUNZĂ, ELENA-LUMINIȚA STĂNCIULESCU, TIBERIU-CIPRIAN MUNTEANU, ALEXANDRU CHIOTOROIU, IOAN CRISTESCU, SABINA GRAMA, ALEXANDRA ENE, CARMEN MIHAI
Pages 242-247
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1680
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
Reconstructive surgery of the abdominal and thoracic wall frequently utilizes various materials in order to repair large defects. Polypropylene meshes are an example. In nasal reconstructive surgery they are rarely used for cartilage restoration. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of the collagen-coated polypropylene meshes in nasal reconstructive surgery, as they are easy-to-use materials, with reduced incidence of foreign body reactions and with a very small price compared with other compounds. We conducted a literature review on the usage of the collagen-coated polypropylene meshes which also includes acomparison with other types of materials applied for nasal cartilage reconstruction. Moreover, we performed a retrospec -tive study, on the patients hospitalized in the Plastic Surgery Department of the Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest. The best option and in the same time the gold standard for nasal cartilage reconstruction is considered to be autologouscartilage transplantation. In our clinic we observed good results when autologous septalor auricular cartilage grafts wereused. Polypropylene is seldom used in nasal reconstructive surgery, having been conducted so far, a limited number of studies related to benefits and disadvantages of this type of material in the accomplishment of the medical devices used as a nasal implant. Polypropylene meshes are largely used in abdominal wall reconstruction and in the surgery for pelvic organprolapse. In this surgical field, collagen-coated polypropylene meshes are also used, but future studies will demonstrate if they are effective enough in the nasal reconstructive surgery as well.
Keywords: nets, collagen, nasal cartilage, reconstructive surgery
Citation: Păun, M.-A., Frunză, A., Stănciulescu, E.-L., Munteanu, T.-C., Cristescu, I., Grama, S., Ene, E., Mihai, C., The use of collagen-coated polypropylene meshes for nasal reconstructive surgery, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 242-247, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1680
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Article: Dependence of colour difference formulae on regular changes of colour coordinates in CIELAB colour space
Authors: ONUR UGUR CINKO, BEHCET BECERIR
Pages 248-254
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1525
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
Four colour difference formulae [CIELAB (1976), CMC (2:1), CIE94 (2:1:1) and CIEDE2000 (2:1:1)] were assessed in CIELAB colour space for regular changes in colour coordinates. L*, a* and b* coordinates were changed regularly both as increasing and decreasing steps in different lightness and hue regions of the colour space. The dependence and consistency of the four formulae were researched depending on regular and constant colour coordinate changes. The aim of the empirical study was to determine if there could be a possibility of using different colour difference formulae indifferent hue regions of CIELAB colour space; in the region of bulk that each formula would give the best fitting and themost reliable results. The empirical study was carried out by using a special software which was prepared for the purpose. The results showed that CIELAB and CIE94 gave corresponding results with each other in the computing ranges. All the formulae showed different computing characteristics in the computation ranges. CMC formula gave the highest colour differences when computing near the grey point. It was concluded that CIEDE2000 formula suited itself the best accordingto the changes in computing steps. A more complicated software would be necessary to determine the sensitivity of the formulae by which the computing would be performed by changing all the coordinates (L*, a* and b*) at the same time.
Keywords: CIE, colour difference formula; CIELAB; CMC; CIEDE2000; CIE9
Citation: Cinko, U.O., Becerir, B., Dependence of colour difference formulae on regular changes of colour coordinates in CIELAB colour space, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 248-254, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1525
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Article: Inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrine with Fe3O4@HA@Ag
Part I: Preparation and characterization
Authors: RIZA ATAV, A. ÖZGÜR AĞIRGAN, DERMAN VATANSEVER BAYRAMOL, AYLIN YILDIZ
Pages 255-258
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1548
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
In this study, the preparation of inclusion complexes according to kneading and physical mixing techniques at 1:1 and 1:2(guest:host) mass ratios of Fe3O4@HA@Ag and β-cyclodextrin were studied. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and scanning electron microscope analysesof the prepared complexes were carried out. According to the results obtained, it was observed Fe3O4@HA@Ag especially forms inclusion complex withβ-cyclodextrin at a mass ratio of 1:2. In the second part of this study, results related to the use of these inclusion complexes during electrospinning process in order to obtain antibacterial nanowebs, which could potentially be used inmedical wounds, will be given.
Keywords: β-cyclodextrin, inclusion complex, Fe3O4@HA@Ag, scanning electron microscope
Citation: Atav, R., Yildiz, A., Bayramol, D.V., Ağirgan, A.O., Inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrine with Fe3O4@HA@Ag. Part I. Preparation and characterization, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 255-258, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1548
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Article: Optimization of coating parameters for air permeability of denim fabrics through Taguchi method
Authors: SÜMEYYE ÜSTÜNTAĞ, HÜSEYIN GAZI TÜRKSOY
Pages 259-264
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1564
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
Coating technology is an increasingly popular method for creating special designs and getting different appearance to denim fabrics. Depending on the expected properties from denim fabrics, the process parameters of coating can be changed. It is important issue how process parameters affect the comfort characteristics of denim fabrics. The present study is aimed at optimizing the various coating process parameters for the air permeability properties of denim fabrics by using Taguchi method. The parameters selected for optimization are squeeze pressure, viscosity of coating fluid, fabric passing speed, drying temperature and weft density of fabrics. An L27 (35) orthogonal design was chosen as experimental plan. In the evaluations with Taguchi Method, analyses of the signal to noise ratio (S/N) and variance (ANOVA) were used. The results show that weft density and viscosity have significant influence on the air permeability properties of coated denim fabrics.
Keywords: denim fabric, coating, air permeability, Taguchi method, S/N ratio
Citation: Üstüntağ, S., Türksoy, H.G., Optimization of coating parameters for air permeability of denim fabrics through Taguchi method, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 259-264, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1564
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Article: Unravelling the effects of interorganizational networks on innovation in the textile industry. The case of the Valencian cluster in Spain
Authors: JOSÉ-VICENTE TOMÁS-MIQUEL, MANUEL EXPÓSITO-LANGA, GABRIEL BRĂTUCU, OANA BĂRBULESCU
Pages 265-271
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1575
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
Scholars have supported the idea that interorganizational knowledge networks are a key factor for firms’ innovation inclusters. Yet, existing empirical evidence suggests that, while networks can enhance firms’ innovative performance, not all network linkages influence to the same extent. On this basis, this paper aims to explore in a Spanish textile cluster how the involvement in business and technical knowledge networks influences textile firms’ innovation. The results reveal the influence of the firms’ connectedness to the cluster knowledge network on their innovative results, although only in the case of the technical knowledge network. These findings provide relevant insights for an efficient management of territorial networks at the firm level and for a better definition of textile clusters’ industrial policies.
Keywords: business knowledge network, clusters, innovation, interorganizational relationships, technical knowledge network, textile industry
Citation: Tomás-Miquel, J.V., Expósito-Langa, M., Brătucu, G., Bărbulescu, O., Unravelling the effects of interorganizational networks on innovation in the textile industry. The case of the Valencian cluster in Spain, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 265-271, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1575
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Article: Evaluating firms’ financial performance in textile industry of Romania
Authors: TEODOR HADA, NICOLETA BĂRBUŢĂ-MIŞU, TEODORA MARIA AVRAM
Pages 272-277
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1398
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
Assessing the financial performance of a firm or sector is an important issue for managers, investors and business partners. The basic information used for financial performance assessment is found in financial statements. The accuracy of the method used for this evaluation depends on the accuracy of financial statements provided by firms that reflect the activity developed. In this paper we propose an aggregated index for evaluation the financial performance, based on 11 selected financial rates. The method was applied on a sample of 82 medium-sized companies acting in the Romanian textile sector. Textile industry is an industry with tradition and an important sector of Romanian economy, both in terms of the contribution to gross domestic product and export growth; it has undergone in the last 20 years a difficult period of transformation and adaptation to a changing market, but has a competitive advantage reported to the European one, mainly due to low-cost labour force. The research results show the hierarchy of the textile firms after financial performance score, 42.68% of firms having a score above sector average. The results are useful, especially to managers, by improving decision making of business funding and development, forecasting the future financial performance, selecting business partners, making profitable investments, and to financial analysts in fulfilment of business objectives.
Keywords: accounting information, decision making, aggregated index, firm score, medium-sized firms
Citation: Hada, T., Bărbuţă-Mişu, N., Avram, T.A., Evaluating firms’ financial performance in textile industry of Romania, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 272-277, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1398
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Article: A comparative study on handle properties of bamboo and cotton fabrics
Authors: GAMZE SÜPÜREN MENGÜÇ, EYLEN SEMA DALBAŞI, ARIF TANER ÖZGÜNEY, NILGÜN ÖZDİL
Pages 278-284
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1538
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
Softeners are of great importance in textile processing. The aim of this treatment is to achieve a soft handle to facilitate the processability and improve wettability. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect and washing durability of various softeners on handle properties of cotton and bamboo knitted fabrics. Six types of softeners were applied to the fabrics. Moreover, the washing durability of the softeners after 5, 10 and 20 washing cycles were tested. Handle characteristics such as drapeability, kinetic friction coefficient and circular bending rigidity were measured. The results were statistically evaluated. It was determined that softening treatment does not have a successful performance in bamboo fabrics as it has in cotton fabrics.
Keywords: cotton, bamboo, softener, drapeability, surface friction, washing
Citation: Mengüç, G.S., Dalbaşi, E.S., Özgüney, A.T., Özdil, N., A comparative study on handle properties of bamboo and cotton fabrics, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 278-284, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1538
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Article: A Romanian case study of clothes and accessories upcycling
Authors: MANOJ KUMAR PARAS, ANTONELA CURTEZA, RUDRAJEET PAL, LICHUAN WANG, YAN CHEN
Pages 285-290
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1500
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
The present paper aims to investigate the practice of upcycling and redesign. The study draws on the multiple organizations involved in the redesigning activities. The organizations selected for the study are located in the northern part of Romania. Semi-structured interviews along with direct observations were used to collect information. The paper provides practical insights to upcycling process. Various kinds of redesigned products are made out of consumer and industrial wastes such as redesigned clothes, accessories for ladies, handbags, ladies purses and office stationery. Upcycling is generally considered as economically non-feasible. However, this study has found contradictory results. The demand-based redesign activities can help an organization to earn a profit. Two out of three selected organizations areable to self-sustain. One of the organizations is newly entered into the Romanian used clothing markets and ables to compete with existing players. This study could be seen as one of the early attempts to empirically explore the practice of textile and accessories upcycling practice in Eastern Europe. The findings from the current case study can provide several useful insights for other similar companies to make redesign activities profitable.
Keywords: upcycling, redesign, clothes, leather, accessories
Citation: Paras, M.K., Curteza, A., Pal, R., Chen, Y., Wang, L., A Romanian case study of clothes and accessories upcycling, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 285-290, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1500
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Article: The impact of foreign exchange movements on Turkish textile sector
Authors: YUSUF KAYA, GIZEM GÜNAYDIN KARAKAN, EMILIA VISILEANU
Pages 291-296
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.03.1591
Published online: June 2019
Abstract
Due to importance of global supply chain and high-tech exports, importance of new developing markets is gradually increasing. Turkey keeps the strategic importance for textile sector being in the center of Balkans, Asia, Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe and Russia. The geographical location allowing trade in the region makes the country much more advantageous than its competitors. However, devaluation and the exchange rate volatility of Turkish Lira in 2018 have been seriously affecting Turkish textile sector. This study aims to determine the impact of exchange rate fluctuation on Turkish textile firms’ performance between the years of 2013 and 2017. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was done in order to investigate the impact of firms’ performance such as firm age and firm size on performance of the textile firms. According to results, it was observed that exchange rate volatility had a negative effect on the firm performance and the firm size hada negative effect on firm performance while the firm age did not have any influence on firms’ performance significantly.
Keywords: exchange rate, textile firms, Turkish textile sector, firm performance, firm value
Citation: Kaya, Y., Karakan, G.G., Visileanu, E., The impact of foreign exchange movements on Turkish textile sector, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 3, 291-296, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.03.1591
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