Issue 1 / 2019 
Article: Influence of dye structure and temperature on the adsorption of acid dyes onto polyamide 6 knitwear
Authors: MATEJA KERT, INES BESEDIČ, ČRTOMIR PODLIPNIK
Pages: 3-8
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1400
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
In this research, the influence of dye structure and dyeing temperature on the adsorption of acid dyes onto polyamide 6 knitwear (PA 6) was studied. Three acid dyes with different amounts of sulphonic groups, namely C. I. Acid Red 88, C. I. Acid Red 14, and C. I. Acid Red 18 were used. Dyeing was performed in a Launder-ometer apparatus at 40°C and 60°C, at pH 4. The samples were taken out of the apparatus at different time intervals. The results showed that both dye structure and dyeing temperature affected the adsorption of acid dyes onto PA 6 knitwear. The rate and quantity of adsorption increased with an increase in dyeing temperature and a decrease in the number of sulphonic groups in dyes.
Keywords: acid dye, polyamide 6, dyeing, adsorption
Citation: Kert, M., Besedič, I., Podlipnik, C., Influence of dye structure and temperature on the
adsorption of acid dyes onto polyamide 6 knitwear, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 3–8, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1400
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Article: The relationship between earnings and labour productivity in textile industry
Authors: NORINA POPOVICI, CAMELIA MORARU, IRENA MUNTEANU
Pages 9-14
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1464
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
Earnings and labor productivity are important economic indicators, the relationship between them being analyzed byeconomists, employers and policy makers. The relationship between earnings and labor productivity is important foreach region or economic sector, because it influences the living standard and the distribution of income between laborand capital. This paper analyzes the link between gross average earning and labor productivity in the textile industryduring 2005‒2016 in Romania. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive, but moderate correlationbetween gross average earning and labor productivity. For this purpose were used statistical-econometric methods toverify the normality of data series distribution and the existence of a correlation between the indicators analyzed.
Keywords: earning, efficiency, textile industry, gross average earnings, productivity
Citation: Popovici, N., Moraru, C., Munteanu, I., The relationship between earnings and labour productivity in textile industry, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 9-14, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1464
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Article: Effect of textile woven fabric parameters on its thermal properties
Authors: SABRI HALAOUA, ZOUHAIER ROMDHANI, ABDELMAJID JEMNI
Pages 15-20
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1514
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between fabric construction properties and its thermal properties. For thisaim three basic weave structures, three fiber compositions, five surface mass and four thicknesses were used. Thethermal convection resistance RCV, thermal conduction resistance RCD, adiathermic power and thermal conductivity ofall fabric samples were determined. In this research the plain weave structure showed the highest thermal propertieswhile the twill and satin weave depicted the lowest thermal characteristics. The fiber type affects deeply different thermalproperties. The increase of the surface mass and thickness was directly bound to the adiathermic power, thermalresistance and the thermal conductivity.
Keywords: fabric properties, thermal resistance, adiathermic power, thermal conductivity
Citation: Halaoua, S., Romdhani, Z., Jemni, A., Effect of textile woven fabric parameters on its thermal properties, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 15-20, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1514
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Article: Textile cosmetic pads based on psyllium and protein colloid in combination with the horsetail extract
Authors: OLIVERA ŠAUPERL, JULIJA VOLMAJER VALH, LIDIJA FRAS ZEMLJIČ, JASNA TOMPA
Pages 21-24
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1479
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
The basic purpose of this research work was to develop a care/healing cosmetic pads where a horsetail water extractwas selected as a healing/care compound. Together with this, psyllium and keratin (protein colloid) were used as naturalcompounds capable to form a gel-like structure in aqueous media, so they were explored as i) carriers of a care/healingcompound (horsetail extract), and as ii) “binding element” (due to relatively high viscosity) in-between the healingcompound and the textile substrate (i.e. non-woven viscose) itself. Such functionalization system was relatively easilyapplied onto the non-woven viscose substrate. In this way the final product i.e. the cosmetic pad was created showinggood ant oxidative activity, storage stability and biodegradability. The latest is extremely important for environmentallyfriendly products.
Keywords: viscose pads, psyllium, horsetail, keratin, healing/care
Citation: Šauperl, O., Fras Zemljič, L., Volmajer Valh, J., Tompa, J., Textile cosmetic pads based on psyllium and protein colloid in combination with the horsetail extract, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 21-24, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1479
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Article: Eco-friendly route for dyeing of cotton fabric using three organic mordants in reactive dyes
Authors: RIAZ BAIG, DILSHAD HUSSAIN, MUHAMMAD NAJAM-UL-HAQ, ABDUL WAQAR RAJPUT, RANA AMJAD
Pages 25-29
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1532
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
The textile dyes and fixing agents that used in dyeing process are major contributor to environmental pollution. In thepresent study, three different organic mordants (Sodium Citrate, Ammonium Acetate, and Potassium Acetate) are usedin exhaust dyeing as mordants. Effect of mordant concentrations is studied on fastness properties (color change,rubbing fastness & light fastness) of cotton dyed with reactive dyes using these organic mordants. Comparison of thesemordants with conventional fixing agent (NaCl) is also studied in order to evaluate the difference between fastnessproperties of conventional and organic salts used in this study. We found that the color fastness properties ofconventional and organic salts are comparable, better in case of sodium citrate. Similarly color depth on fabric afterdyeing with organic as well as inorganic salts is measured using data color. Results confirm that higher values of K/Sare obtained for organic salts by using lower organic salt concentration compared to conventional salt. Reduction in totaldissolved solids (TDS) of dye effluents is obtained from 6% to 29% for three organic salts as compared to conventional salt.
Keywords:reactive dyes, fastness properties, organic mordants, cotton fabric, total dissolved solids
Citation: Baig, R., Hussain, D., Najam-Ul-Haq, M., Waqar Rajput, A., Amjad, R., Eco-friendly route for dyeing of cotton fabric using three organic mordants in reactive dyes, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 25-29, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1532
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Article: Comparative study between two types of electrolyte used in the reactive dyeing of cotton
Authors: AYDA BAFFOUN
Pages 30-36
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1392
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
Comparative study between two types of electrolyte used in the reactive dyeing of cottonThe aim of this paper was to compare the efficiency of two type of electrolyte in the dyeing of cotton fabrics with reactivedyes. Factors affecting dye ability such as salt concentration, and fastness performances such as alkaliconcentrationwerestudied. The colouryield K/S and colour fastness of the dyed fabric using sodium sulfate were comparable to thoseobtained with sodium chloride. However, the exhaustion and the fixation timewere shorter and the diffusion coefficient waslower in the case of sodium sulfate.
Keywords: reactive dye, cotton fabric, electrolyte, exhaustion
Citation: Baffoun, A., Comparative study between two types of electrolyte used in the reactive dyeing of cotton, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 30-36, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1392
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Article: Recycling of cellulose from vegetable fiber waste for sustainable industrial applications
Authors: UMIT HALIS ERDOGAN, FIGEN SELLI, HICRAN DURAN
Pages 37-41
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1553
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
Recently two significant topics that became important for textile industry namely ‘providing sustainability by reusing oftextile wastes’ and ‘developing high-valued new textile raw materials. Cellulose, which is a fascinating polymer, has beenused for years as a raw material to obtain various products such as papers, fibers and films. In this study, it is aimed toprovide sustainability with recycling of cellulose from waste jute fibers, considering the amount of waste jute weft yarnsreleased in the production process of machine carpets. For this purpose, pre-cleaning of waste fibers was carried out atfirst, and then extraction of cellulose was accomplished, and finally characterization of recycled cellulose was performed.Organic acid extraction method was effective for isolation of cellulose from waste fibers with 43.65% yield performance.Microscopic and experimental analyses confirmed that non-cellulosic part of waste fibers were removed successfullyand recycled cellulose has similar structure with control cellulose. Our results suggest that, waste vegetable fibers canbe used as a potential source for cellulose. Recycled cellulose can be used in the production of paper, composites,regenerated cellulose fibers and other industrial applications.
Keywords: waste fibers, recycle, cellulose, extraction, sustainability
Citation: Halis Erdogan, E., Duran, H., Selli, F., Recycling of cellulose from vegetable fiber waste for sustainable industrial applications, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 37-41, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1553
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Article: Basic research about corncob residue as Lyocell spinning material
Authors: CHENG WANG, RONGHUAN HAN, LIXIA HU, FUMEI WANG
Pages 42-47
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1426
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
Using the corncob residue as a new cheaper source material for Lyocell spinning technology. Chemical properties of thecorncob residue after extraction of hemicellulose and lignin were investigated in this paper. It was found that the maincomposition of corncob residue is cellulose, accompanied by slight hemicellulose and very tiny amount of spinninginsoluble components. Compared to wood pulp, corncob residue has a similar number-average molecular weight, aslightly larger weight-average molecular weight, a lower peak-relative molecular weight, and a larger polydispersity. Allthose properties suggest that this kind of corncob residue has big potential to be used as spinning material forregenerated cellulose fiber. A new type corncob residue made fiber was produced, using the Lyocell spinningtechnology. Mechanical properties of the corncob residue fiber were analyzed. The corncob residue fiber has a tensilestrength value between that of viscose fiber and Lyocell fiber, indicating its good application prospects. However, thecorncob residue fiber has a high crystallinity and the orientation value with large fiber linear density, suggesting that thespinning technology needs to be further improved.
Keywords: corncob residue, Lyocell spinning technology, corncob residue fiber, Lyocell fiber
Citation: Wang, C., Hu, L., Han, R., Wang, F., Basic research about corncob residue as Lyocell spinning material, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 42-47, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1426
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Article: Research on achieving a meteorological monitoring system to increase efficiency in the execution and operation of solar installations and to reduce environmental pollution
Authors: NICOLAE DIACONU, ANDREEA ROXANA UNGUR (POPESCU), MARIN SILVIU NAN, DANUT GRECEA, OLIMPIU STOICUTA, MARIUS RAZVAN POPESCU
Pages 48-56
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1268
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
Environmental protection alongside the economic and social cohesion are key pillars in the sustainable development ofa country. In this context, the strategy of development of industries in Romania should promote modern technologieswith as reduced environmental impact as possible. Therefore, determining how dispersion of the pollutants and identifyweather events that cause the stagnation of pollutants in the atmosphere are a necessity in the industrial areas. On theother hand, the increased photovoltaic conversion efficiency by increasing the use of solar radiation, both in terms ofexecution as well as the operation of photovoltaic installations can be achieved as a result of detailed analysis ofparameters and meteorological phenomena that define the area where the photovoltaic park will be located. Thus, thisarticle presents a weather system consisting of six weather stations and a computer for keeping the data acquired. Eachweather station acquires from where is assembled, information on the following variables: ambient temperature, solarradiation intensity, humidity, barometric pressure, altitude, wind speed, wind direction and rainfall.
Keywords: environmental protection, meteorological system, solar radiation
Citation: Diaconu, N., Nan, M.S., Stoicuta, O., Ungur (Popescu), A.R., Popescu, M.R., Grecea, D., Research on achieving a meteorological monitoring system to increase efficiency in the execution and operation of solar installations and to reduce environmental pollution, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 48-56, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1268
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Article: Neural network based thermal protective performance prediction of three-layered fabrics for firefighter clothing
Authors: MÜGE DURSUN, YAVUZ ŞENOL, ENDER YAZGAN BULGUN, TANER AKKAN
Pages 57-64
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1527
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
The firefighter protective clothing is comprised of three main layers; an outer shell, a moisture barrier and a thermal liner.This three-layered fabric structure provides protection against the fire and extremely hot environments. Variousparameters such as fabric construction, weight, warp/weft count, warp/weft density, thickness, water vapour resistanceof the fabric layers have effect on the protective performance as heat transfer through the firefighter clothing. In thisstudy, it is aimed to examine the predictability of the heat transfer index of three-layered fabrics, as function of the fabricparameters using artificial neural networks. Therefore, 64 different three layered-fabric assembly combinations of thefirefighter clothing were obtained and the convective heat transfer (HTI) and radiant heat transfer (RHTI) through thefabric combinations were measured in a laboratory. Six multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN) each with asingle hidden layer and the same 12 input data were constructed to predict the convective heat transfer performanceand the radiant heat transfer performance of three-layered fabrics separately. The networks 1 to 4 were trained to predictHTI12, HTI24, RHTI12, and RHTI24, respectively, while networks 5 and 6 had two outputs, HTI12and HTI24, and RHTI12and RHTI24, respectively. Each system indicates a good correlation between the predicted values and the experimentalvalues. The results demonstrate that the proposed MLPNNs are able to predict the convective heat transfer and theradiant heat transfer effectively. However, the neural network with two outputs has slightly better prediction performance.
Keywords: artificial neural networks, prediction, heat transfer, three-layered fabrics, firefighter protective clothing
Citation: Dursun, M., Şenol, Y., Yazgan Bulgun, E., Akkan, T., Neural network based thermal protective performance prediction of three-layered fabrics for firefighter clothing, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 57-64, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1527
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Article: Bending strength of intra-ply/inter-ply hybrid thermoplastic composites
Authors: GAYE YOLACAN KAYA
Pages 65-75
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1533
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
Bending properties of intra-ply, inter-ply and intra-ply/inter-ply Carbon/Electrical Glass (E-Glass)/polypropylene (PP)hybrid thermoplastic composites were determined and compared with those of non-hybrid Carbon/PP and E-Glass/PPthermoplastic composites. The hybrid and non-hybrid composites were manufactured by using the uni-directional wovencarbon/PP, E-glass/PP and carbon/E-glass/PP thermoplastic prepregs. The fiber fractions significantly affected thedensity, bending-strength, bending-modulus and bending-deflection of hybrid thermoplastic composites. The bending-strength and modulus of the hybrid thermoplastic composites were higher compared to non-hybrid thermoplasticcomposites. It is observed that the intra-ply hybridization caused a more catastrophic failure after bending load on bothsurface and cross-section than the inter-ply and intra-ply/inter-ply hybridization. The uniform distribution of Carbon andE-Glass fibers within and between the layers of composites by using intra-ply/inter-ply hybridization resulted as thehigher bending modulus up to 65.1% compared to non-hybrid composites.
Keywords: thermoplastic composites, unidirectional prepreg, hybrid composites, bending strength, intra-ply hybridization
Citation: Kaya, G.Y., Bending strength of intra-ply/inter-ply hybrid thermoplastic composites, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 65-75, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1533
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Article: Non-conventional textile structures with technical destination, designed and developed at S.C. Cora Trading & Service S.R.L.
Authors: MARIAN-CATALIN GROSU, ALEXANDRU ALEXAN
Pages 76-82
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1611
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
Wool fibers are a natural, renewable, sustainable, low impact on the environment, with huge potential for humanity.Given the exponential growth of the Earth’s population, raw materials are getting less and less, a business based on theprocessing of renewable raw materials, especially wool fibers, has a high chance of survival and development.Romania, with an overwhelming agrarian economy, has a population of nearly 10 million sheep and a production of over16,000 tons of medium and coarse wool. Given the need to set minimum energy performance requirements for newbuildings and for the major renovation of existing ones at European Union level, the development of new materials andtechnologies is necessary, so that the opportunity to capitalize on wool for buildings be a workable item on long term.This paper presents the experimental results of the characteristics of 4 non-conventional textile structures (UTS) madeof 100% wool fibers, designed and developed at S.C. Cora Trading & Service SRL, on their existing adapted technology.The fibrous blend used, consisting of both tanning wool and coarse shared wool allow development of innovativestructures, with potential of use for their thermal insulation capacity and great potential of sustainable development ofthe manufacturer.
Keywords: coarse wool fibers, tanned wool fibers, non-conventional textile structures, thermal conductivity
Citation: Grosu, M.C., Alexan, A., Non-conventional textile structures with technical destination, designed and developed at S.C. Cora Trading & Service S.R.L., In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 76-82, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1611
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Article: Essential mint oil-based emulsions: preparation and characterization
Authors: ANGELA DĂNILĂ, CARMEN ZAHARIA, DANIELA ŞUTEU, EMIL IOAN MUREŞAN, GABRIELA LISĂ, SINEM YAPRAK KARAVANA, ALI TOPRAK, ALINA POPESCU, LAURA CHIRILĂ
Pages 83-87
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1581
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present briefly the preparation methodology of four emulsions (named M2, M3, M6, and M7)based on extracted mint oil (Mentha Piperita) and their physical-chemical properties and quality characteristics (pH,density, acidity index, peroxide index, diene and triene content, in-time stability, humidity and fatty matter content), inorder to select the most recommendable emulsion to be used in textile field. This work also underlines that the moststable emulsion is M6 emulsion followed by M3 emulsion.
Keywords: mint essential oil, beeswax, emulsion; physical-chemical properties; quality characteristics
Citation: Dănilă, A., Zaharia, C., Şuteu, D., Mureşan, E.I., Lisă, G., Karavana, S.Y., Toprak, A., Popescu, A., Chirilă, L., Essential mint oil-based emulsions: preparation and characterization, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 83-87, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1581
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Article: Indoor air quality of museums and conservation of textiles art works. Case study: Salacea Museum House, Romania
Authors: LILIANA INDRIE, DORINA OANA, MARIN ILIEȘ, DORINA CAMELIA ILIEȘ, ANDREEA LINCU, ALEXANDRU ILIEȘ, ȘTEFAN BAIAS, GRIGORE HERMAN, AURELIA ONET, COSTEA MONICA, FLORIN MARCU, LIGIA BURTA, IOAN OANA
Pages 88-93
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1608
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
The present paper is analyzing the quality of the air (temperature, humidity, light, contamination with fungi) inside theMuseum House from Salacea, Bihor county, and the influence of such factors on textile materials that are exposed insideit in the context of the need to protect the heritage elements and in order to diminish the risks related to human health:the inhabitants, the tourists, museographers and all those who have access to the interior. Monitoring of the tempera-ture and humidity was carried out between 03.06.2018 and 02.07.2018 and we used the thermo-hygrometer with datafunction logger KlimaLogg Pro (seven sensors), and for other analyzed parameters: Luxmeter data logger ExtechSDL400 Oxygen meter Extech SDL150. The fungal contamination was determined using Koch sedimentation method.Due to the fact that the low temperature together with the high air humidity of the ambient environment stimulates theformation of microorganisms and mold and high temperatures can dehydrate the fibers by diminishing their strength anddecreasing their elasticity, therefore it is necessary to maintain the standard micro climate of temperature and humidityinside the museum house.
Keywords: textile, cultural heritage, museum house, microclimate, fungi, Romania
Citation: Indrie, L., Oana, D., Ilies, M., Ilieș, D.C., Lincu, A., Ilieș, A., Baias, S., Herman, G.V., Onet, A., Costea, M., Marcu, F., Burta, L., Oana, I., Indoor air quality of museums and conservation of textiles art works. Case study: Salacea Museum House, Romania, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 88–93, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1608
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Article: Validity of Washburn’s equation in sericin treated polyester fabric
Authors: DASARATHAN KAMALRAJ, VENKATRAMAN SUBRAMANIAM
Pages 94-97
DOI: 10.35530/IT.070.01.1537
Published online: February 2019
Abstract
Application of sericin to polyester and cotton fabrics will bring about a number of advantages in that the materialsbecome hydrophilic and are capable of imparting antimicrobial effect. Also, the materials can be dyed using reactivedyes. A considerable amount of work has been carried out on the application of sericin to polyester and cotton fabrics.Wickability of treated fabrics has been studied and it was demonstrated that there was an improvement. A detailedanalysis of study is warranted on wickability as the work done on it was scant. It is necessary to validate Washburn’sequation which constitutes an important component of kinetics of wicking in this paper.The validity of Washburn’sequation for a set of data on wickability of sericin treated polyester fabrics is studied. Untreated polyester fabric andtreated with caustic soda and plasma followed by sericin treatment using DMDHEU and Glutaraldehyde were taken forwicking studies. Two models were used. From the slopes it is found that Washburn’s equation is followed.
Keywords: alkali, intercept, plasma treatment, slope, wickability
Citation: Kamalraj, D., Subramaniam, V., Validity of Washburn’s equation in sericin treated polyester fabric, In: Industria Textila, 2019, 70, 1, 94–97, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.070.01.1537
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