Issue 3 / 2020 
Inner covers
Article: Comparison of different interlining materials of car seat cover under repeated loadings
Authors: FUNDA BUYUK MAZARI, ADNAN MAZARI, DAVID CIRKL, ANTONIN HAVELKA
Pages: 199-203
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1704
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
In this article, four most commonly used interlining materials (3D spacer fabric, non-woven felt, reticulated foam, and
classic Poly-Urethane foam) are tested for comfort and durability. All four layers are tested initially for the air and
moisture permeability, then for water vapour permeability under loading and finally tested for compressibility and
durability. The repeated loading equivalent to real human pressure was inserted on the samples for 40,000 times to
analyse the effect of repeated compression on the interlining materials. This research work gives a very in-depth
knowledge of performance of car seat interlining material related to thermophysiological comfort and durability/lifetime.
Keywords: 3D spacer fabric, compressibility, thermophysiological comfort
Citation: Mazari, F.B., Mazari, A., Cirkl, D., Havelka, A., Comparison of different interlining materials of car seat cover under repeated loadings, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 199–203, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1704
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Article: Evaluation of stain release based on image histogram analysis
Authors: SHAO FEN-JUAN, XU PINGHUA, FAN WEICHAO, YAN YULONG, DING XUEMEI, WU XIONGYING
Pages 204-208
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1641
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
In our daily life, subjective and objective method were used to evaluate the washing condition of the stain. But they have
some disadvantages, such as subjectivity, special operation in laboratory, limited area, and so on. With the development
of technology, the image analysis was widely used in industry. In this article, the pictures of stains before and after being
washed were got through image acquisition system. And then histogram based on distance were draw and similarity of
stain before and after was calculated. The similarity described the degree of washing. The higher the similarity, the more
similar the image, the less stain was washed out. Two different results got from washing efficiency and image analysis
were analyzed through SPSS software, the results showed that in less than 0.05 level, two groups of data had a
significant correlation. This means that the image analysis could be used to evaluate the stain release well.
Keywords: stain release, washing, objective instrument, image analysis, correlation
Citation: Fen-Juan, S., Pinghua, X., Weichao, F., Yulong, Y., Xuemei, D., Xiongying, W., Evaluation of stain release based on image histogram analysis, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 204–208, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1641
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Article: Accounting and evaluation of chemical footprint of cotton woven fabrics
Authors: JIA-HONG QIAN, YU-YING QIU, YI-DUO YANG, YI LI, PING-HUA XU, LAI-LI WANG
Pages 209-214
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1678
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
The major environmental impacts of textile products tend to arise from emissions of toxic substances in the production
phase of the life cycle. The theory of chemical footprint (ChF) can be used to study the environmental impact of textile
products and leads a new way to quantitatively assess impacts of toxic substances. In this paper, environmental impacts
of 1 kg cotton woven fabric were assessed from yarn to finished fabric in terms of its contributions to the ecological
system. The results showed that the total ChF in the calculation boundary associated with ecotoxicity was approximately
41526.10 PAF·m3·d. The largest ChF for cotton woven fabric mainly came from weaving process, followed by cultivation
and harvesting and fabric processing phases. Sizing agent and all kinds of base potentially created the large ecotoxicity
and there are considerable differences in magnitude from other materials’ ecotoxicity. It also revealed that the selection
of auxiliaries was more important than that of dyestuffs. ChF does well in drawing more focus on the source of industry
pollution and plays an important role in improving management efficiency in assessing and choosing chemicals.
Keywords: chemical footprint, environmental load, cotton woven fabrics, productive technologies
Citation: Qian, J.-H., Li, Y., Yang, Y.-D., Xu, P.-H., Wang, L.-L., Accounting and evaluation of chemical footprint of cotton woven fabrics, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 209–214, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1678
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Article: The impact of domestic portfolio diversification strategies in Toronto stock exchange on Canadian textile manufacturing industry
Authors: ABDULLAH EJAZ, RAMONA BIRAU, CRISTI SPULBAR, RAMONA BUDA, ANDREI COSMIN TENEA
Pages 215-222
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1696
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
The aim of this research study is to examine the impact of domestic portfolio diversification strategies in Toronto Stock
Exchange (TSX) on Canadian textile manufacturing industry in order to obtain attractive investment opportunities.
Dissipation of benefits of globally diversified portfolios due to overwhelming convergence among the international and
regional stock markets around the globe have given rebirth to the idea of domestic portfolio diversification particularly
after the global financial crisis of 2008. Textile industry in Canada is challenging but can achieve higher performance
based on Toronto Stock Exchange behavior. Therefore, this is a complex applied research focused on investigating TSX
as standalone stock market for domestic diversification opportunities. For this purpose, correlation coefficients, pairwise
cointegration, multiple cointegration and causality of sectors in TSX have been examined. The empirical results show
that majority of the sectors in TSX do not share high correlation with each other and they are also not highly
cointegrated. These empirical findings indicate that TSX presents attractive opportunities for domestic portfolio
diversification.
Keywords: TSX, cointegration, Granger causality test, global financial crisis, international diversification of investment portfolios
Citation: Ejaz, A., Birau, R., Spulbar, C., Buda, R., Tenea, A.C., The impact of domestic portfolio diversification strategies in Toronto stock exchange on Canadian textile manufacturing industry, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 215–222, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1696
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Article: Breaking force analysis of cotton ring-spun yarns
Author: POLONA DOBNIK DUBROVSKI
Pages 223-226
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1650
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
The most important factor influencing the production efficiency of final textile products made from yarns as well as the
product performance are the tensile properties of the yarn. The breaking force of spun yarns, assessed with standard
static procedure, depends on several parameters, one of them being the testing conditions. In our research, the effect
of testing conditions (climatic conditions, the ratio gauge length/constant rate of extension and sampling, which refers to
the number of yarn package and the position of package winding, taken from the bobbin) on the breaking force of 100%
cotton ring-spun yarns was analyzed using the statistical evaluation method “ANOVA”. The results clearly indicate that
indeed all input parameters of testing conditions have a statistically significant effect on the breaking force of the yarn.
When we judge the suitability of yarns to withstand a certain tension produced by technological procedures, not only
average breaking force should be focused on. The information regarding the tested minimum breaking force of yarn
becomes very important regarding our decision whether yarn fulfills the prescribed value of breaking force.
Keywords: ring-spun yarns, breaking force, testing conditions
Citation: Dubrovski, P.D., Breaking force analysis of cotton ring-spun yarns, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 223–226, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1650
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Article: Green dyeing of microwave treated silk using coconut coir based tannin natural dye
Authors: SHUMAILA KIRAN, SHAHID ADEEL, MUHAMMAD SAJJAD YOUSAF, NOMAN HABIB, ATYA HASSAN, MUHAMMAD ABDUL QAYYUM, MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH
Pages 227–234
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1666
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
The resurgence of natural dyes is gaining fame in textile industry due to eco-friendly nature. The present study was done
to investigate the Coconut coir as natural dye (tannin) for silk dyeing under Microwave (MW) treatment following the
optimization of experimental parameters. Isolation of colorant was carried out in aqueous, acidic and organic media
(methanol) under influence of MW treatment up to 6 minutes. Dyeing of silk was carried out having irradiated and
unirradiated extracts. Good colour strength was achieved by dyeing unirradiated silk using methanolic extract under MW
treatment for 4 minutes at 75°C. The optimal dyeing was achieved at 75 minutes at pH 8 while keeping fabric liquor ratio
1:25 having 5 g/100 ml table salt as an electrolyte. For development of shades, salts of Al and Fe and Tannic acid were
used as pre- and post-chemical mordants and Acacia, Pomegranate, Turmeric and Henna as pre- and post-biomordents.
Acacia (6%) as pre-bio mordant and Turmeric (6%) as post-bio mordant considerably improved the colour
strength at optimal conditions utilizing irradiated extract of coconut coir (tannin) and un-irradiated silk under MW
treatment at 4 minutes. ISO-standard shows good colour fastness and colour strength at optimal conditions using Acacia
and Turmeric as bio-mordents. This research work gives information about tannin extracted from Coconut coir has great
potential to dye silk fabric to produce reddish-brown colour under the influence of microwave treatment. FTIR spectral
study revealed chemical changes in the silk fabric treated with microwave radiations.
Keywords: coconut coir, microwave treatment, dyeing, silk, chemical mordents, bio-mordants, K/S value, colour fastness, FTIR
Citation: Kiran, S., Adeel, S., Yousaf, M.S., Habib, N., Hassan, A., Qayyum, M.A., Abdullah, M., Green dyeing of microwave treated silk using coconut coir based tannin natural dye, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 227–234, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1666
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Article: Assessment of financial and investment activity of textile enterprises as a guarantee of successful business in the region
Authors: YULIIA MELNYCHUK, IRYNA TKACHUK, LIUDMYLA CHVERTKO, MAKSYM SLATVINSKYI, OKSANA VINNYTSKA, TETIANA KORNIIENKO
Pages 235-240
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1687
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
This article is devoted to the research of the interaction of theoretical and methodical bases of using analysis in the
process of case management at textile enterprises. The purpose of the study is to prove the necessity of conducting an
assessment of the financial status and investment activity of textile enterprises. According to the results of the research,
it has been proved that the financial evaluation of the state of financial and investment activity is important in the
organization of textile business. The indicators of accounting are the basis for such an analysis and assessment of the
financial condition of textile companies. The research has carried out the classification of financial reporting indicators
for assessing the activity of the textile enterprise. The elements of financial reporting and their characteristics are
analysed. The sources of income generation and expenses of the textile manufacturing company were systematized
and revealed. A plan for assessing the effectiveness of activities has been developed and proposed, which will reflect
the results of the activity of the textile enterprise. The components of financial reporting are proposed and their purpose
is analysed. The conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the evaluation of financial-investment activity of textile
enterprises, which influences the results of successful business in the region, are presented.
Keywords: financial analysis, reporting, performance indicators, performance
Citation: Melnychuk, Y., Tkachuk, I., Chvertko, L., Slatvinskyi, M., Vinnytska, O., Korniienko, T., Assessment of financial and investment activity of textile enterprises as a guarantee of successful business in the region, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 235–240, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1687
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Article: Creators of competitiveness in the textile and clothing industry from the Hidalgo state
Authors: TIRSO JAVIER HERNÁNDEZ-GRACIA, DANAE DUANA-AVILA
Pages 241-244
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1705
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
Nowadays, technological innovation is a very important agent not only in the business sector, but also in the research
sector, especially when it is related to factors such as competitiveness, since it is perceived as a determinant for the
future of the industry and business development. This research presents the development of the work “Generalities of
the textile industry and its relevance in the business competitiveness of medium-sized companies in the state of Hidalgo”
in which the competitiveness of some Hidalgo organizations in the industrial sector is analysed based on innovation in
technology. The work consists of a theoretical review and the application of instruments to medium-sized companies in
the industrial sector, considering the database of the Mexican Business Information System (SIEM). Based on the
above, an instrument was created that allows knowing if the competitiveness in the industries depends on the
technology implemented in these organizations. The work was carried out in two stages: in principle, a brief theoretical
framework is developed in which the importance of innovation in technology for the competitiveness of companies in the
textile industry is explained and, subsequently, the way is opened to the Field research, where this relationship is
analysed for the particular case of medium-sized Hidalgo companies. It should be noted that these are the partial results
derived from the creation of the measurement instrument and the application of a pilot test to these companies.
Keywords: technology, innovation, company, industrial sector, production
Citation: Hernández-Gracia, T.J., Duana, D.-A., Creators of competitiveness in the textile and clothing industry from the Hidalgo state, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 241–244, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1705
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Article: The challenge of young Romanian designers: creativity in business
Authors: DENISA BOGDANA ABRUDAN, MĂDĂLINA DUMITRIȚA MATICIUC, MARIAN NĂSTASE, MARGARETA STELA FLORESCU, DANA CODRUȚA DĂIANU
Pages 245-251
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1818
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
The present paper focuses on the subject of creativity in business starting from a set of interviews with young designers
(fashion designers mostly, but not exclusively). In order to provide an updated overview of the “ecosystem” of creativity,
we intend to add to the field literature, thus offering a more comprehensive understanding of creativity by focusing on
the role of designers in facilitating or inhibiting creativity in business in the fashion industry. The work was limited
contextually to the fashion sector in the western region of Romania, with the data being collected through
semi-structured interviews with entrepreneur fashion designers (producers of clothing, footwear and accessories). The
analysis aims to identify and highlight the attributes of entrepreneur designers in the creative industry, as well as the
ways in which they are inclined to develop their creativity in order to combine various materials or textures into
something original. The results of our research are in fact empirical evidence regarding the strategic role of entrepreneur
designers when it comes to creativity in business, a role that can allow them to achieve durable competitive advantage
for their own businesses by developing both the analytical skills necessary for interpreting economic data to validate an
idea, and the intuitive skills regarding the economic climate. Although the specific context may be considered a limitation
of the study, it may become a real advantage for potential future research that will extend the boundaries of the present
one.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, creative industry, fashion design, passion, imagination, competitive advantage
Citation: Abrudan, D.B., Maticiuc, M.D., Năstase, M., Florescu, M.S., Dăianu, D.C., The challenge of young Romanian designers: creativity in business, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 245–251, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1818
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Article: Attempts to improve the self-cleaning effect of the textile materials
Authors: IULIANA DUMITRESCU, OVIDIU-GEORGE IORDACHE, CORNELIA-ELENA MITRAN, ELENA PERDUM, IRINA-MARIANA SĂNDULACHE, LUCIA OANA SECĂREANU, LAURENȚIU CHRISTIAN DINCĂ, ARCADII SOBETKII, LUCIAN DIAMANDESCU
Pages 252-258
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1626
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the methods to create durable self-cleaning textiles by coating fabrics with
TiO2-(1%)Fe-N-graphene (2%). To improve the adherence of the nanoparticles, the polyester/cotton woven fabrics were
pre-treated with polyacrylic acid (PA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyethylene polyamine resin (EZF). The
pre-treated materials were immersed in a doped TiO2 for 30 minutes at 40oC and dried at 125°C. The finished fabrics
were stained with methylene blue dye and exposed to visible light.
The SEM images show the presence of particles on polymers layers firmly attached on the material surface. The
treatments determine the decrease of the exothermic peak (452.48°C), characteristic of the cellulose decomposition,
demonstrating an increase of the thermal conductivity of the materials. The doped TiO2-graphene induces a double
degradation of methylene blue in comparison with untreated material and the materials treated with CMC, polyacrylic
acid and cationic polymer. The effect is maintained after washing.
Keywords: doped TiO2-graphene, photocatalytic textiles, self-cleaning
Citation: Dumitrescu, I., Iordache, O.G., Mitran, C.E., Perdum, E., Săndulache, I.-M., Secăreanu, L.O., Dincă, L.C., Sobetkii, A., Diamandescu, L., Attempts to improve the self-cleaning effect of the textile materials, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 252–258, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1626
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Article: Validation method and proficiency test for the determination of free and hydrolysed formaldehyde
Authors: LUCIA OANA SECĂREANU, CORNELIA-ELENA MITRAN, IRINA-MARIANA SĂNDULACHE, MIHAELA-CRISTINA LITE, ELENA PERDUM, OVIDIU-GEORGE IORDACHE
Pages 259-265
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1423
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
Formaldehyde resins are usually used in the textile industry to prevent wrinkling, as well as for conservation of textile
artifacts. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified formaldehyde as carcinogenic to humans.
There are several regulations regarding the amount of formaldehyde found in textiles, for example Oeko-Tex Standard
100, REACH and European Ecolabel. In the present work, a spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination
of free and hydrolyzed formaldehyde extracted through partial hydrolysis by using aqueous extraction was developed
and validated. The method is in conformity with SR EN ISO 14184-1:2012 standard. The results of the validation
parameters are 0.0117 mg/l for detection limit and 0.039 mg/l for quantification limit. The working field was proved to be
linear in 0.15 μg CH2O/ml – 6.00 μg CH2O/ml range with a correlation coefficient of 0.999977. Furthermore, the recovery
parameter value is 89.80%. Selectivity was determined in relation to acetic anhydride and the spec tropho tometric
method was proven to be selective for the quantitative determination of formaldehyde. Besides the validation method,
a control diagram has been constructed by measuring a solution of known concentration 10 times. The selected
concentrations are 0.16 mg/l and 0.75 mg/l. These solutions are measured before the actual samples. To ensure the
accuracy of the results, our laboratory participated to a proficiency test conducted by ASQUAL. The z-score obtained
was 0.38 and the number of participating laboratories was 13.
Keywords: formaldehyde, textile, ecology, validation method, proficiency test
Citation: Secăreanu, L.O., Mitran, C.E., Săndulache, I.-M., Lite, M.-C., Perdum, E., Iordache, O.G., Validation method and proficiency test for the determination of free and hydrolysed formaldehyde, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 259–265, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1423
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Article: Investigation of surface defects and apparel manufacturing efficiency of fabrics woven from recycled cotton and blends
Author: KALKANCI MIHRIBAN
Pages 266-274
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1639
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
For a sustainable life, new strategies have come to the forefront relating to design, production and recycling processes
in textiles and apparel manufacturing industries. In this study, woven fabrics consisting of weft threads from recycled
cotton fiber, original cotton fiber and original polyester fiber (35%/65% polyester/recycled cotton, 35%/65%
polyester/original cotton) were made to order in a textile firm and have been investgated in terms of surface defects and
apparel manufacturing efficiency. The types and numbers of defects obtained during inspection were recorded and
evaluated by using Pareto analysis. The percentage of surface/fabric defective products in all defects is 78.57% for
35%/65% polyester-recycled cotton fabrics and 69.09% for that in 35%/65% polyester-original cotton fabrics. The
percentage of second quality products at the end of apparel manufacturing is 4.9% for recycled cotton fabric products
and 2.75% for original cotton fabrics.
Keywords: recycled fabric, fabric quality, second quality, wastage, apparel manufacturing efficiency
Citation: Mihriban, K., Investigation of surface defects and apparel manufacturing efficiency of fabrics woven from recycled cotton and blends, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 266–274, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1639
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Article: Reduction of material consumption for garments from checked fabrics
Authors: INETA VILUMSONE-NEMES, DANA BELAKOVA
Pages 275-281
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1667
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
The use of CAD/CAM systems have greatly optimized material utilization of garment styles from plain fabrics.
Processing of intricate pattern materials is still work and material consuming. Increased material consumption is
obtained because of two reasons: necessity to match pattern on ready garments and unfixed textile material structure.
The fabric loss related to the pattern matching necessity is the most difficult to reduce. A style of classical women jacket
was tested to compare efficiency of plain and checked fabric markers for sizes 36 – 54. It was determined that marker
length is dependent on the conformity of the size of the checked fabric repeat and the length of the longest components
placed in a sectioned marker. Reducing the length of the style slightly it was possible to reduce marker length
considerably for certain size markers. Marker length, fabric consumption and, with it, product costs can be reduced
conforming the length of the style to the size of the checked fabric repeat. Length tolerance – acceptable slight variations
of the length of the style which does not change design and visual perception of the style should be determined by
designers. Specialized software could be developed to vary the length of the style in the interval of length tolerance to
reduce fabric consumption and with it product costs of certain production orders. Improving manufacturing efficiency and
reducing fabric use, the styles from checked materials could be included in garment collections more often.
Keywords: checked fabrics, pattern matching, marker length, cutting room management systems, automated cutting
Citation: Vilumsone-Nemes, I., Belakova, D., Reduction of material consumption for garments from checked fabrics, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 275–281, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1667
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Article: Study on the origin and evolution of the Chinese batik
Authors: LI BIN, ZHAO HONGYAN, LI YIXIAO, JIANG XUEWEI, HONG YU, TAO HUI
Pages 282-287
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1694
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
The origin and spread of the Chinese batik have always been a controversial issue in the field of Chinese dyeing and
waving historiography. The systemic analysis was carried out by the methods of textile archaeology and literature
research in this paper. Conclusions have been made as follows: there were two models in the origin of Chinese batik.
One, such as the Central Plains area, was the type of external afference. Another model, such as the south-western
ethnic areas, was the type of generating from the inside of the area. The transmutation of batik in Central Plain areas
have passed through three stages: introduction from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties,
mass acceptance during the Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, obsolescence during the Two Song
Dynasties. From the perspectives of the reason, the rapid disappearance of batik in the Central Plains areas were
caused by the special internal and external environment and the development trend of dyeing technology of the Song
Dynasty.
Keywords: batik, origin, transmission, ash resist dye, clamp resist dye
Citation: Bin, L., Hongyan, Z., Yixiao, L., Xuewei, J., Yu, H., Hui, T., Study on the origin and evolution of the Chinese batik, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 282–287, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1694
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Article: The effects of online marketing on financial performance in the textile industry
Authors: MIHAI CRISTIAN ORZAN, MARGARETA STELA FLORESCU, OCTAV IONUT MACOVEI, SORIN BURLACU, OLGUTA ANCA ORZAN
Pages 288-293
DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.03.1826
Published online: June 2020
Abstract
Although Romania has an Internet penetration rate of 73.8%, over the world average, below the European Union
average of 85.2%, Romanian Internet users ranked 28th in online shopping, the lowest position in EU, while the
Romanian enterprises are the least digital in the EU ranking on the lowest positions in using social media and
e-commerce. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of using online marketing tools in the development and
implementation of marketing strategies and their impact on organizational performance in the textile industry. We
propose an empirical model, rooted in an in-depth survey of over 897 Romanian organizations acting on the textile
industry market (production, distribution or retail), which gives us a general overview of antecedents of online marketing
success and its impact on organizational performance.
Keywords: e-commerce, online strategy, online distribution, crowdsourcing, marketing metrics
Citation: Orzan, M.C., Florescu, M.S., Macovei, O.I., Burlacu, S., Orzan, O.A., The effects of online marketing on financial performance in the textile industry, In: Industria Textila, 2020, 71, 3, 288–293, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.071.03.1826
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