Issue 1 / 2022
Special issue on Biotechnology and protection against hazards 
Inner covers
Article: Modelling method to evaluate the thermo-regulating behaviour of micro-encapsulated PCMs coated fabric
Authors: SIDDIQUI MUHAMMAD OWAIS RAZA, BALOCH ZEHRA, NOORANI MUHAMMAD USAMA, IQBAL KASHIF, ZUBAIR MUHAMMAD, SUN DANMEI
Pages: 3-11
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202143
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
Micro-encapsulated Phase Change Materials (MicroPCMs) have been widely used to enhance the thermal comfort of
the clothing; they can be applied to fabric by various techniques including the coating process. Phase change material
(PCM) has a unique property of latent heat that can absorb and release energy over a constant temperature range which
enhances the thermal comfort of the clothing microenvironment. PCM textile structures are used in making smart textiles
and thermo-regulated garments. An advanced modelling technique was successfully established to develop a finite
element model of woven fabrics coated by MicroPCMs, the developed model was used to simulate and predict the
effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance.
Keywords: MicroPCMs, thermo-regulating, latent heat, FEM
Citation: Raza, S.M.O, Zehra, B., Usama, N.M., Kashif, I., Muhammad, Z., Danmei, S., Modelling method to evaluate the thermo-regulating behaviour of micro-encapsulated PCMs coated fabric, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 3–11, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202143
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Article: Selected barrier properties of some disposable protective coveralls in wet state
Authors: LUBOS HES, OLGA PARASKA, HASAN M. MALIK, NAVEED M. AKHTAR
Pages 12-18
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202045
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
Certain types of disposable protective clothing should protect its user against liquids including water; therefore, the
knowledge of their thermophysiological and barrier properties in wet state is important, as moisture mostly deteriorates
comfort-related barrier properties of clothing, namely its water vapour permeability and thermal insulation. However,
papers on comfort-related barrier properties are almost missing, as testing of these properties in wet state is very
uneasy, due to long times of testing of these properties in standard commercial instruments. If the testing time exceeds
15 to 30 minutes, the sample gets dry and the testing is practically impossible. In the study, a special testing instrument
is presented, which enables to measure water vapour permeability and thermal resistance of wetted fabrics within a few
minutes, thus making possible the determination of these parameters with satisfactory precision. By means of this
unique instrument and other instruments, water vapour permeability, air permeability and hydrostatic resistance of
6 wetted protective coveralls were determined. The main finding of the study is that due to the absorbed moisture, the
effective relative water vapour permeability of the studied clothing gets substantively reduced, as well as their air
permeability.
Keywords: protective clothing, water vapour, air permeability, hydrostatic resistance, wet state
Citation: Hes, L., Paraska, O., Malik, H.M., Akhtar, N.M., Selected barrier properties of some disposable protective coveralls in wet state, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 12–18, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202045
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Article: The improvement of bactericidal properties and change of colour characteristics of knitted materials at using nanosilver and carboxymethyl starch
Authors: BEKTURSUNOVA AINUR, BOTABAYEV NURZHAN, YERKEBAI GANI, NABIEV DONYOR
Pages 19-26
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202054
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
The availability of bactericidal knitted cotton fabrics by processing a biodegradable bactericidal nano composition
containing nanoparticles of silver and Na-carboxymethyl starch is studied in this work. The nanocomposite based on
Na-carboxymethyl starch and silver nanoparticles were successfully fixed on the surface of knitted cotton fabrics through
the formation of links between carboxymethyl groups of carboxymethyl starch and nanosilver, as well as air interlacing
between nano composition and material. The analysis of the change in the colour of knitted cotton fabrics after
processing them with a solution of the nano composition of silver and Na-carboxymethyl starch showed the stability of
the colouristic indicators of the colour during antibacterial treatment.
Knitted cotton fabrics treated with the developed nano composition exhibit high antibacterial activity towards
gram-positive fungal cultures of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Consistency of colour and the presence of bacteriostatic properties after repeated washing of knitted cotton fabrics
confirms the stability of the antimicrobial properties of reusable fabrics.
Keywords: nano composition, antibacterial activity, Suprem fabric, Interlock fabric, natural component
Citation: Ainur, B., Nurzhan, B., Gani, Y., Donyor, N., The improvement of bactericidal properties and change of colour characteristics of knitted materials at using nanosilver and carboxymethyl starch, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 19–26, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202054
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Article: Random forest-based physical activities recognition by using wearable sensors
Authors: ZHANG JUNJIE, CAI SHENGHAO, XU JIE, YUAN HUA
Pages 27-33
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.20215
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
Physical activity recognition (PAR) is a topic worthy of attention. In order to improve the practicality of wearable sensors
for recognition, in this study, we propose an approach to create a classifier of PAR based on the collected data. At first,
we discuss how features extracted from the accelerometer and gyroscope contribute to distinguish different activities,
including walking, walking upstairs, walking downstairs, sitting, standing, laying, and also provide an analytical method
employed for this purpose. Then, a supervised machine learning method, random forest algorithm, is adopted to create
a classifier to recognize physical activities based on the extracted features. Lastly, the performances of the constructed
classifier are evaluated and compared with other methods. The performance evaluation shows the classifier trained by
random forest algorithm are better than other algorithms, and its overall recognition rate reaches 93.75%. In addition,
our approach also has strong potential for applications in smart textiles.
Keywords: physical activities recognition, random forest, smart textiles, features analysis
Citation: Junjie, Z., Shenghao, C., Jie, X., Hua, Y., Random forest-based physical activities recognition by using wearable sensors, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 27–33, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.20215
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Article: Effect of washing and temperature on electrical properties of conductive yarns and woven fabrics
Authors: SULTAN ULLAH, HASSAN IFTIKHAR AHMED, SYED TALHA ALI HAMDANI
Pages 34-39
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202118
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
In our daily life, the temperature and washing parameters go unnoticed on the electrical properties of conductive yarns
and woven fabrics. However, in many cases, these parameters play a crucial role in the use of conductive materials
since they modify their electrical properties. It is critical to predict what this behaviour will be, as these washing and, in
our temperature, parameters can improve or even deteriorate desirable properties in the materials, especially of sensors
embedded textiles. The weight of the conductive samples was decreased up to 11% for silver-coated and 7.75% for
gold-coated yarn after washing. The results suggest that the electrical resistance of yarns increases 1.6%, 8%, and 8.7%
for silver-coated while 13%, 20%, and 21% increase in resistance value for gold-coated yarn after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd wash,
respectively. The silver-coated yarn has better electrical conductance, and ageing does not affect the electrical
resistance of both silver-coated yarns and fabrics till two washes and a slight change occurred after 3rd wash. The woven
structure’s mass per unit area decreases up to 7.69% and 3.7% for silver-coated and gold-coated samples, respectively.
Woven samples conductivity for silver-coated structures decreased 95% and 98% for gold-coated structures.
Keywords: conductive yarns, woven structures, electrical resistance, ageing, conductive textiles
Citation: Ullah, S., Ahmed, H.I., Hamdani, S.T.A., Effect of washing and temperature on electrical properties of conductive yarns and woven fabrics, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 34–39, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202118
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Article: Development and study of textile-based hydrogel wound dressing material
Authors: MICHAEL RODRIGUES, GOVINDHARAJAN THILAGAVATI
Pages 40–47
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202133
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
In this article, the developed textile-based hydrogel dressing is seen to be effective in terms of its exudates management
capacity, strength, elongation and water vapours permeability. The usage of active antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent
i.e., Usnic acid, has given it a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm property. The combination of these
properties makes this dressing a better choice for the management of wounds especially chronic wounds that are
infected with biofilm. The design of the experiment (BBD) used in this study is able to point at the optimal combination
of the materials for the construction of such hydrogel dressings and understand the contribution of each factor used in
the study.
Keywords: hydrogel, wound healing, knitted fabric, antimicrobial, biofilm, Usnic acid
Citation: Rodrigues, M., Govindharajan, T., Development and study of textile-based hydrogel wound dressing material, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 40–47, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202133
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Article: Investigating the nexus between safety training, safety rules and procedures, safety performance and protection against hazards in Pakistani construction companies considering its impact on textile industry
Authors: MUHAMMAD AWAIS-E-YAZDAN, ZURAIDA HASSAN, ABDULLAH EJAZ, CRISTI SPULBAR, RAMONA BIRAU, NARCIS EDUARD MITU
Pages 48–53
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202154
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
The main aim of this research paper is to examine the linkage between safety training, safety rules and procedures,
safety performance and protection against hazards in Pakistani construction companies related to its effects on the
textile industry. The primary responsibility of the organization is to provide a safe workplace to the workers where
workers do their work safely. The current study examines the relationship between safety training, safety rules &
procedures and safety performance. A total of 450 workers from 15 companies participated in the study. A questionnaire
survey was used to collect the data. The findings revealed that both safety training and safety rules and procedure were
significantly and positively associated with safety compliance. The results propose that construction companies should
give proper training to their worker in order to avoid any bad incidents. Similarly, adequate safety rules and procedures
are essential for a safer work environment. The textile industry is a very important sector in Pakistan with a significant
impact on employment and the labour market.
Keywords: safety training, safety rules and procedures, safety performance, construction companies, workers protection, textile sector
Citation: Awais-E-Yazdan, M., Hassan, Z., Ejaz, A., Spulbar, C., Birau, R., Mitu, N.E., Investigating the nexus between safety training, safety rules and procedures, safety performance and protection against hazards in Pakistani construction companies considering its impact on textile industry, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 48–53, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202154
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Article: Impact of ultraviolet radiation on thermal protective performance and comfort properties of firefighter protective clothing
Authors: ADNAN MAZARI, FUNDA BUYUK MAZARI, JAWAD NAEEM, ANTONIN HAVELKA, PARASHANT MARAHATTA
Pages 54–61
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202116
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
In this study, the impact of ultraviolet radiation is studied on thermal protective performance and clothing comfort
properties of firefighter protective clothing. Firefighter clothing assembly consists of the outer shell, moisture barrier and
thermal barrier. In this research, two different outer shells were utilized. Outer shell O1 consists of inherently fireretardant
fibres mainly consisting of Conex (Nomex) and firefighter assembly having Conex as the outer shell was called
specimen A. On the other hand, clothing arrangement which employed Proban coated outer layer (O2) was termed as
specimen B. Both specimens were evaluated for tensile testing, air permeability, radiant heat transmission machine,
bending moment and water vapour resistance before and after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The tensile strength
value of outer shell O2 was higher than that of O1 before and after exposure to UV radiation. Tensile strength values of
both outer shells O1 and O2 decline after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Air permeability values of both outer shell O1
and O2 increase after being exposed to ultraviolet radiation. It was noted that specimen A has better thermal protective
performance as compared to specimen B, before and after exposure to UV radiation. Also, radiant heat transmission
index RHTI 24 values were greater for specimen A as compared to specimen B, before and after exposure to UV
radiation. Moreover, bending moment values for both outer shell O1 and O2 decline after being subjected to UV
radiation. Furthermore, Water vapour resistance values of outer shell O1 and outer shell O2 enhance after exposure to
ultraviolet radiation.
Keywords: thermal protective performance (TPP), ultraviolet radiation (UV), radiant heat transmission index (RHTI 24)
Citation: Mazari, A., Mazari, F.B., Naeem, J., Havelka, A., Marahatta, P., Impact of ultraviolet radiation on thermal protective performance and comfort properties of firefighter protective clothing, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 54–61, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202116
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Article: Effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding in the case of electromagnetic shields based on ferromagnetic materials
Authors: RALUCA MARIA AILENI, CRISTIAN MORARI, DOINA TOMA, LAURA CHIRIAC
Pages 62–68
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202129
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
This paper presents a study concerning the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding of textile structures coated with
ferromagnetic materials. For this scientific approach, 6 experimental models of composites-based fabrics with
electromagnetic properties were made by applying paste/dispersion based on polymeric matrices (polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)), copper microparticles (Cu), nickel (Ni), aluminium (Al), silver (Ag), and graphene
oxide (GO) using classical deposition (immersion, scraping) and ultrasonic technologies. The effectiveness of
electromagnetic shielding has been evaluated using a coaxial cell model TEM 2000, oscilloscope model MDO 3102,
power amplifier Model SMX5, signal generator type E8257D. The measurements were performed in the frequency range
0.1 MHz – 1 GHz and power 30 W. from all samples, the samples based PVA-Ni and PVA-Ni-Al exhibit pronounced
surface conductivity and increased effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding for low and high frequencies.
Keywords: composites, textile, electromagnetic shielding, resistance, conductive, nickel, aluminium
Citation: Aileni, R.M., Morari, C., Toma, D., Chiriac, L., Effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding in the case of electromagnetic shields based on ferromagnetic materials, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 62–68, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202129
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Article: ANCOVA analysis of penetration force on Kevlar fabrics used for ballistic protective equipment
Authors: IONUT DULGHERIU, SAVIN DORIN IONESI, MANUELA AVADANEI, LILIANA HRISTIAN, EMIL CONSTANTIN LOGHIN, LILIANA BUHU, IRINA IONESCU
Pages 69–76
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202197
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
The paper aims to highlight the existence of significant differences between the variation of the penetration force of three
groups of fabrics used for ballistic protective equipment in the function of the deformation arrow, using the ANCOVA
mathematical model with a nominal independent variable and a quantitative independent variable. The model included:
the dependent variable (Y) – the variation of the penetration force T (N); nominal independent variable – fabric group;
quantitative independent variable – deformation arrow, Δl (mm). This paper analyses the effect of the nominal
independent variable and the quantitative independent variable on the penetration force variation, using the ANCOVA
model. From the results obtained, through Tests of Be-tween-Subjects Effects, it is observed that the effect of the
nominal independent variable “fabric group” is significant and also the effect of the covariate “deformation arrow” is
significant. Interpreting the value of Sig < 0.05, it can be concluded that there are significant differences between the
variation of the penetration force deformation (alternative hypothesis H1 is accepted). This technique can be used later
to model the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics and to select the most appropriate fabrics to meet the
requirements of a particular field of use.
Keywords: ANCOVA model, deformation arrow, penetration force, Kevlar fabrics
Citation: Dulgheriu, I., Ionesi, S.D., Avadanei, M., Hristian, L., Loghin, E.C., Buhu, L., Ionescu, I., ANCOVA analysis of penetration force on Kevlar fabrics used for ballistic protective equipment, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 69–76, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202197
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Article: Vegetable culture vs. climate change. Innovative solutions
Part 1. Research on the chemical analysis of Buzau white onion bulbs cultivated using diatomite and Trichoderma
Authors: VASILICA MANEA, CRISTINA BALAS, DUMITRU-MITEL TOMA, FLOAREA BURNICHI, DELIA JITEA, EMIL MIREA, ALEXANDRU-CRISTIAN TOADER, BOGDAN-GABRIEL STAICU, ANGELA DOROGAN
Pages 77-83
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.1846
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
In the context of intense and forced industrialization, agricultural overexploitation and pesticide pollution, attempts are
being made to find organic alternatives for fertilizing and herbicide crops and products with an insecticidal effect that
does not give bio-resistance over time. Given the desire of people to consume organic products, there is an increasing
need to expand ecologically grown areas in order to make them available to consumers. For this purpose, it was decided
to carry out research on the chemical analysis of Buzau white onion bulbs, treated with diatomite and Trichoderma,
correlating them with the impact on the plants under study. Among the experimental variants, the best polyphenol
content was found in variant V2 treated with 52.5 g of diatomite/repetition, compared to the untreated control. The
experiments took place within S.C.D.L. Buzau, in the pedoclimatic conditions of the area, the results being available for
informing growers and consumers. The paper is part of a complex research project in which these are solutions to
reduce the negative climate impact in agriculture, especially in vegetable crops. Conventional and unconventional, but
as much as possible sustainable solutions, including textile structures, organic diatomite, eco-friendly equipment
generates an innovative instrument vs. climate change effects in vegetable crops. Part 2 of this research presents the
textile solution in the context of the approached topic.
Keywords: diatomite, onion bulbs, Trichoderma spp., chemical analysis, textile nets for vegetable protection
Citation: Manea, V., Balas, C., Toma, D.-M., Burnichi, F., Jitea, D., Mirea, E., Toader, A.-C., Staicu, B.-G., Dorogan, A., Vegetable culture vs. climate change. Innovative solutions. Part 1. Research on the chemical analysis of Buzau white onion bulbs cultivated using diatomite and Trichoderma, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 77–83, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.1846
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Article: Smart textiles for occupational safety health at oil stations and offshore platforms in the Black Sea
Authors: JAMAL KHAMIS, IOAN I. GÂF-DEAC, IOAN PETRU SCUTELNICU, MIHAELA JOMIR, ALEXANDRA GABRIELA ENE, IONUT ARON
Pages 84-88
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202150
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
The article shows that in order to develop smart textiles, elements of knowledge about the application part in the field
are needed to create a model, to describe and propose how to obtain the information necessary to perform statistical
analysis of data. The acquired results will serve in making feasible decisions of techno-medical-sanitation and
sustainability through safety equipment. The experimental, scientific and practical contribution refers to the design of a
model of “optimal sustainable techno-medical-sanitary equipment” by using smart textiles.
With the help of this model, it is possible to resort to parametric iteration/reiteration, aiming at the achievement, the value
and qualitative fulfilment imposed to a general objective function of sustainable techno-medical-sanitary when smart
textiles are used.
The developed model goes through further processing in “soft” information programming mode, and then, there will be
the possibility and probability of its use as a calculation tool.
Keywords: textile industry, smart textiles, optimal sustainable medical technology, oil stations, offshore platforms
Citation: Khamis, J., Gâf-Deac, I.I., Scutelnicu, I.P., Jomir, M., Ene, A.G., Aron, I., Smart textiles for occupational safety health at oil stations and offshore platforms in the Black Sea, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 84–88, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202150
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Article: Measuring the natural frequencies of knitted materials for protection against vibrations
Authors: MIRELA BLAGA, NECULAI EUGEN SEGHEDIN, CRISTINA GROSU
Pages 89-95
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202057
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
In this study, the use of knitted structures as potential vibration isolators or parts of protective equipment is proposed.
Four types of knitted structures were made from different yarns by varying the stitch depth. By combining these
variables, a series of 48 patterns were tested for vibration isolation using the free vibration method to measure their
natural frequencies. Knowledge of the natural frequencies of textiles is necessary when designing a material to protect
it from vibration, in order to avoid the phenomenon of resonance that occurs when the excitation frequency of an external
force overlaps with the natural frequency of the system. From the recorded values of the frequencies, it is possible to
infer some properties of the knitted materials. The value of the natural frequency of any material gives information about
the stiffness of the material. The higher the natural frequency, the more stiffness can be expected. The shape of the
natural frequency curve is relevant to the material’s ability to dampen vibrations. The smoother the shape, the higher
the damping capacity of the material. The study shows that the yarn type and the structural parameters of the fabric
affect the vibration behaviour. The tightness of the fabric is one of the most important variables affecting the level of
natural frequencies of the material. This research is expected to support the development of knitted fabrics as good
vibration isolators for humans by also showing their comfort level compared to alternative materials used so far.
Keywords: weft knitted structures, natural frequency, free vibration, raw materials
Citation: Blaga, M., Seghedin, N.E., Grosu, C., Measuring the natural frequencies of knitted materials for protection against vibrations, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 89–95, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202057
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Article: Textile structures for limiting the effects of maritime and fluvial disasters
Authors: ALEXANDRA GABRIELA ENE, MIHAELA JOMIR, GEORGETA POPESCU, CATALIN GROSU
Pages 96-102
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202130
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
Water is essential for the lives of humans, animals and plants, while representing an indispensable resource for the
economy, and its management goes beyond national borders. Water pollution with oil residues affects both surface
water and groundwater; its consequences on the organoleptic properties of water, aquatic fauna and flora are
particularly damaging for all ecosystems and their biodiversity.
Mechanical recovery of the pollutant provides, according to the international norms, the limitation of the polluted surface
and the concentration of the pollutant in order to recover and store the water-hydrocarbon mixture, with limits related to
the agitation of the marine/fluvial environment and distance from the intervention base to the polluted area. The choice
of blocking/storage systems must take into account several factors, such as type and amount of pollutant recovered, the
flow of recovery units, area of use, hydro-weather conditions in the field, mode of transport and mode of location in
terrain.
This study presents the constructive solutions for the dams made of textile materials, used in case of disasters in the
maritime and fluvial area.
Post-processing of data, performed with the help of IBM multiplatform software suite, highlighted the variation intervals
of the structural parameters for 7 composite materials differentiated by: location, mass, raw material, thickness and
thermal resistance.
These composites were the basis for computer-aided designs of 14 experimental models (EM), differentiated by the
dimensions used, the materials of the floats, the skirt and the area of use (maritime from 4bf to 10 bf or fluvial).
Keywords: 3D simulation, CAD, digitized technology, woven fabrics, design engineering, pattern
Citation: Ene, A.G., Jomir, M., Popescu, G., Grosu, C., Textile structures for limiting the effects of maritime and fluvial disasters, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 96–102, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202130
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Article: Indigenous intelligent materials for the textile field
Authors: SABINA OLARU, MARIANA BEZDADEA
Pages 103-110
DOI: 10.35530/IT.073.01.202058
Published online: February 2022
Abstract
The present work reflects an area of cutting-edge research, bioengineering and industrial microbiology, emphasising the
new physiognomy of macromolecular chemistry, supramolecular chemistry. Membranes are advanced materials whose
specificity manifests itself in order, organisation, structural stability, and functional stability, explaining their own character
of separation and selectivity.
A hypothesis finds applications in a variety of fields. The more numerous and diverse these fields are, the higher the
probability that this hypothesis applies.
The aim of the paper is to present applications of polyurethane membranes in the textile industry by integrating them
into garment structure and also in wastewater purification. The proposed membrane technology is innovative and will
be of fundamental economic importance in the coming years.
Keywords: membranes, textile, advanced materials, wastewater
Citation: Olaru, S., Bezdadea, M., Indigenous intelligent materials for the textile field, In: Industria Textila, 2022, 73, 1, 103–110, http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.073.01.202058
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